Hedwig Heyl

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Hedwig Heyl (born Crüsemann ; born May 3, 1850 in Bremen , † January 23, 1934 in Berlin ) was a German women's rights activist , entrepreneur, social politician and founder of social institutions.

biography

Berlin memorial plaque on Ulmenallee 30, in Berlin-Westend

Heyl was the daughter of the wholesale merchant Eduard Crüsemann , co-founder of the North German Lloyd . In January 1869, 18-year-old Hedwig became the wife of the Charlottenburg paint manufacturer Georg Heyl (1840–1889), with whom she had five children. The first social institution she set up was a kindergarten for the employees' children in her own factory. In 1884 she finally founded the first cooking and housekeeping school for women, and in 1890 the first horticultural school for women in Berlin-Marienfelde . In 1904 she was one of the co-organizers of the International Women's Congress in Berlin and the International Folk Art Exhibition in 1908. Heyl was also a founding member of the Lyceum Club Berlin in 1905 , the first international women's club in Germany with a partner club in London. In 1915 she was one of the founding members of the German Housewives Association .

The high point in Heyl's life in 1912 was the organization of the exhibition The Woman in Home and Work on the exhibition grounds at the Zoological Garden , where all areas of female professional work were presented. In 1920 she was honored with the doctor honoris causa for her services to nutritional science . At the age of 69, she was a member of the German People's Party in the Charlottenburg city council.

tomb

She is buried in the Luisenfriedhof II . Her grave was dedicated to the city of Berlin as an honorary grave from 1952 to 2014 .

Political position

Heyl can be assigned to the moderate middle-class women's movement. Politically, it was close to the left wing of the National Liberals. Between 1910 and 1920 she was chairwoman of the Women's Association of the German Colonial Society (a branch of the German Colonial Society ), which under her leadership sought to prevent the " sale " of the German colonial elite and fought so-called mixed marriages between Germans and locals in the colonies . Hedwig Heyl, who clearly represented racist positions, considered it her most important task to “choose women for the colonists, to fortify settlements through marriages and to send out suitable material for girls”.

In 1933, like the majority of Germans, she was enthusiastic about Adolf Hitler .

Honors

  • In 1920 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Berlin .
  • A memorial plaque on her former home in Berlin's Westend district, which has since been removed, has been a reminder of her since 1995 .
  • Another memorial plaque is located in the Schöneberg district .
  • Several Hedwig-Heyl-Strasse like in Berlin-Schöneberg and in Bremen- Schwachhausen
  • Until 1999 the vocational schools Berta Jourdan in Frankfurt am Main and the Alice-Salomon-Schule , vocational school for health and social affairs in Hanover , carried her name.
  • In Oldenburg , Hedwig Heyl as the namesake of a street is deleted again.

Works

  • The ABC of the Kitchen , C. Habel, Berlin 1885.
  • People's cookbook for schools, advanced training schools and home , Neu-Babelsberg, 1905 - available online in Project Gutenberg .
  • Various contributions in colony and home. Journal of the Women's Association of the German Colonial Society.
  • Small war cookbook , C. Habel, Berlin 1914.
  • Roasting booklet for grilled and pan dishes to roast on the sat. cut grate pan »OBU« , Verlag W. Aletter, Berlin-Steglitz, January 1917.
  • From my life , Schwetschke, Berlin 1925.
  • Housekeeping - Dünnhaupts study and professional guide; Volume 18 , C. Dünnhaupt, Dessau 1927.
  • Diet kitchen. C. Habel, Berlin 1929.

literature

  • Elisabeth Heimpel :  Heyl, Hedwig, née Crüsemann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 83 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Doris Kachulle: “Only send suitable girl material”. Hedwig Heyl from Bremen worked in the German-Colonial Women's Association for the “becoming German” of South West Africa , in: die tageszeitung , March 21, 1992, p. 35
  • Leopold Klotz: Streams of Love - An exchange of letters . Leopold Klotz Verlag, Gotha and Leipzig, 1936
  • Edith Laudowicz : Heyl, Hedwig Henriette, b. Crüsemann . In: Women's history (s) , Bremer Frauenmuseum (ed.). Edition Falkenberg, Bremen 2016, ISBN 978-3-95494-095-0 .
  • Marie Lindemann in: Bremische Biographie 1912–1962 , published by the Historical Society of Bremen and the Bremen State Archives. Verlag HM Hauschild, Bremen 1969, p. 231 f.
  • Daniel Joseph Walther: Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies & National Identity in Namibia: Cultural Policies and National Identity in Namibia. Ohio University Press 2002, ISBN 978-0-8214-1459-0
  • Christina Schwarz: Heyl, Hedwig , in: Hugo Maier (Ed.): Who is who of social work . Freiburg: Lambertus, 1998 ISBN 3-7841-1036-3 , p. 248f.

Web links

Commons : Hedwig Heyl  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kundrus, Birthe: Female cultural imperialism. The imperialist women's associations of the empire , in: Sebastian Conrad u. Jürgen Osterhammel: The German Empire transnational. Germany in the world 1871–1914 . Göttingen 22006, 213–235, here p. 229.
  2. ^ Katharina Walgenbach: The white woman as a bearer of German culture. Campus 2006, ISBN 978-3593378701 , pp. 87 ff.
  3. ↑ Hours of debate about street names , accessed on July 3, 2015
personal data
SURNAME Hey, Hedwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Crüsemann, Hedwig (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German representative of the conservative women's rights movement
DATE OF BIRTH May 3, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen , Germany
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1934
Place of death Berlin , Germany