Reich Association of German Housewives' Associations

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7th workshop of the Reich Association of German Housewives' Associations in Königsberg (1924)

The Reich Association of German Housewives 'Associations existed from 1915 to 1935. It was founded in 1915 as the Association of German Housewives' Associations (VDH) under the name of German Housewives Association by Hedwig Heyl. In 1924 it was renamed the Reich Association of German Housewives' Associations (RDH). Harmonization took place in 1935 when it was taken over by the Deutsche Frauenwerk.

prehistory

In the transition to the 20th century there was the Association of Progressive Women's Associations Berlin (VFFB), the Berlin association "Frauenwohl", founded in 1888 by Minna Cauer , the Association of German Women's Associations (BDF) (1894–1933) with Helene Lange on the board and the Moderate-bourgeois General German Women's Association (ADF), founded in 1865. Helene Lange (1848–1930) became the most prominent board member of the AFD in 1902. A polarization between radical and moderate currents within the women's movement in Berlin soon emerged. These disputes between moderate and radical groups in Berlin, especially with Clara Zetkin (1857–1933), which paralyzed development, were not carried over to the distant province of East Prussia. Here the social commitment of “higher daughters” and wives of politicians and scientists predominated. Therefore, in 1890, two years after the founding of the Berliner Verein Frauenwohl, the moderate Königsberger Verein Frauenwohl prevailed under the leadership of Pauline Bohn . It led to significant improvements in women's rights in housekeeping and agriculture.

Successor organizations in East Prussia were the union of homeworkers (1904-1914) under Helene Neumann , who enforced the first tariff for homeworkers, and the Königsberger Hausfrauenbund founded in 1914 under the chairman Olga Friedemann . Hedwig Heyl countered the increasing influence from the East in 1915 in Berlin with the establishment of the German Housewives 'Association, an association of German housewives' associations (VDH). In the Stengel literature there is also a reference to the renaming of the DHB in the Association of Housewives 'Associations to the Reich Association of German Housewives' Associations (RDH) on the occasion of the Königsberg Kant celebration (1924 ).

tasks and goals

The state examination of the first "female masters of housekeeping" was passed in 1926 in Königsberg.

The Reichsverband deutscher Hausfrauenvereine, the name of which, despite being renamed in 1924, is mainly given in the literature from 1915–1935, focused its attention entirely on the success story of the Königsberg Housewives Association and dedicated itself to the following tasks: Establishing its own employment agency for domestic staff, repealing the Prussian servant code , Introduction of a domestic help law, collective wage recognition of homeworkers, legal regulation of apprenticeships in housekeeping, recognition of the professional title “Master of Housekeeping”, establishment of a death benefit.

The Königsberger Hausfrauenbund joined the RDH in 1919. In 1920 all smaller East German housewives' associations (VOH) were also accepted into the Reichsverband. Olga Friedemann from Königsberg brought her experience as 3rd chairwoman to the RDH for 14 years (1st chairwoman 1924 Mrs. Gerhardt-Altenburg and 1931 Maria Jecker from Aachen). From 1921 to 1935, Helene Neumann, also from the KHB-VOH, represented the interests of the progress made in East Prussia on the entire board of the RDH and in its committee for building and housing purposes. Olga Friedemann and Helene Neumann had such a great influence on the board and the committees of the RDH that they introduced domestic vocational training into the “Vocational Training Act” as well as the “Labor Proof Act” and the “Food Act” based on the East German model. In 1924 the 7th working conference of the RDH took place in Königsberg, from which a signal effect emerged for the state-recognized vocational training required from Königsberg: In 1926 the time had come: The state-recognized examination was carried out in the Reichsverband Deutscher Hausfrauenvereine (RDH) through the "Königsberg Housewives' Association" accepted as "Master of Housekeeping" for the first time in Königsberg for all of Germany. In February 1926, the first twelve housewives passed their master craftsman examination at the East Prussian Girls' Trade School. In 1931 the RDH was well established and most of the previously unthinkable laws for women's rights in household chores were enforced. Executive Board: Chairwoman Maria Jecker, Aachen, Evelina Trostdorff, Bremen and Olga Friedemann, Königsberg; Honorary Chair: Hedwig Heyl, Berlin; Honorary members: Dora Martin, Nowawes and Johanna Warscher, Kassel; Organ: "German housewife", editor-in-chief Maria Jecker. Eight committees. Olga Friedemann was the chairwoman of the most important committee for domestic vocational training.

Coordination and integration into the German Women's Work

When the National Socialists came to power in 1933, all regional housewives' associations in the RDH were brought into line in the same way as the Ostdeutscher Hausfrauenbünde (VOH) association with its largest association, the Königsberg Housewives Association, was brought into line with only minor renaming within the board members. "The new board members were expressly recognized by the 'Gauffrau general managers'" "From January 1, 1936, the work of the individual German housewives' associations was directed in all relevant circles in all German districts and incorporated into the German Women's Work as a specialist pillar department of economics-housekeeping."

The influence of the KHB on the RDH is also illustrated by the history of the RDH logo: This logo with the East Prussian housewives' associations arranged in a star shape with the initials HFB (housewives' association) in the center was designed by the graphic artist Helene Neumann for the Königsberg housewives' association after 1914 created and later used for the organ "Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung" from 1926 onwards. From 1924 to 1933 the RDH used the logo unchanged (!) (See Fig. 1 on this page). After the "Gleichschluss" in 1933, the previous organ of the RDH, "Deutsche Hausfrau", was replaced by the Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, z. B. the number Jg. 10 (1935), with the Helene Neumann logo, but with the initials "RDH". Today the Helene Neumann logo can be found with the star-shaped housewives' associations around the center with the initials DHB in what is now the German Housewives Association.

History after 1945

Because of the obvious possibility of confusion that the "Reichsverband deutscher Hausfrauenbünde" (RDH) could have been of National Socialist origin, the original name of the RDH at the time of Hedwig Heyl was reverted to after World War II in 1915: the "German Housewives Association" has been in existence again since 1949 DHB. In 1959 the 10th anniversary of the DHB was celebrated at its headquarters in Herford. Lotte Ückermann was the first chairwoman. Today there is the "German Housewives Association. Professional Association of Household Leaders with its headquarters in Bonn under the name DHB - Network Household, Professional Association of Household Leaders . This association also took over the original Helene Neumann logo from the Königsberger Hausfrauenbund (1914), in which the individual housewives" associations or Today's clubs are grouped in a star shape around the center, now with the initials DHB.

literature

  • Reichsverband Deutscher Hausfrauenvereine eV (Hg), yearbook 1931 of the Professional Association of German Housewives, Volume 7, Berlin: Self-published by the Reichsverband 1930 - with the original logo of the Königsberg Housewives Association (initials HFB)
  • Olga Friedemann: The Association of East German Housewives' Associations . In: 80 Years Ostpreußische Zeitung 1849–1919, commemorative edition (1928), pp. 99–100
  • Helene Neumann: 15 years of the Association of East German Housewives . Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung Königsberg, Vol. 10, Christmas special issue (1935), p. 3
  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding : From the beginnings of East Prussian housewives' associations to the job title “Master of Housekeeping”. Pauline Bohn, Elisabet Boehm, Helene Neumann, Olga Friedemann . In: Preußenland No. 7 (2016), pp. 121–146.
  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: Olga Friedemann (1857–1935), pioneer of home economics vocational training to become "master of home economics" . In: Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 86 (2016), pp. 32–33
  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of the East Prussian “housewives' associations” to the professional title of “Master of Housekeeping”. Part 1 Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 86 (2015), pp. 35–41.
  • Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of the East Prussian “housewives' associations” to the professional title of “Master of Housekeeping” . Part 2 Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 87 (2016), pp. 24–31.
  • Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia. In: Grenzland Welt (Subtitle: Leaves of a Yearbook of German Labor in the East), Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein Jg. 2 (1921), pp. 33–35, here p. 35
  • Else Lüders: The left wing. A sheet from the history of the German women's movement . Berlin 1904. In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 060-53, microfiche.
  • General German Women's Association (ADF / HLA) . In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, B Rep. 235-02-01, microfiche.
  • Marie Stritt: For Helene Lange's 70th birthday on April 9, 1928 . In: The question of women. Zentralblatt des Bundes Deutscher Frauenvereine, Ed. E, Vol. 20 (1918), No. 4, pp. 25–27, here p. 26

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ General German Women's Association (ADF / HLA). In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, B Rep. 235-02-01, microfiche.
  2. ↑ Else Lüders: The left wing. A sheet from the history of the German women's movement, Berlin 1904. In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 060-53, microfiche.
  3. ^ Pauline Bohn: On the women's movement in East Prussia , in: Grenzland Welt (subtitle: Leaves of a yearbook of German work in the East), Grenzland-Verlag Allenstein, vol. 2 (1921), pp. 33-35
  4. ↑ Hedwig Heyl, biography. In: Helene-Lange-Archiv in the Landesarchiv Berlin, B Rep. 235-11 Microfiche.
  5. ↑ Christine Stengel: Radical Nationalists. Campus Verlag Frankfurt / M.- New York 2006
  6. ↑ Helene Neumann: 15 years of the Association of East German Housewives. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, vol. 10 (1935), Christmas special, p. 4.
  7. ↑ Olga Friedemann, Helene Neumann 60 Years - A Review and Thanks. In: Hausfrauenzeitung 9th vol. 4 (1934), p. 1
  8. ↑ Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding: From the beginnings of East Prussian “housewives' associations” to the professional title of “Master of Housekeeping”. Part 1 Königsberger Bürgerbrief No. 86 (2015), pp. 35–41.
  9. ↑ Hermine Rust: Master training and apprenticeships in housekeeping, two gifts from Olga Friedemann to the German people. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung vol. 10, (1935), No. 9, p. 5
  10. ^ Reichsverband Deutscher Hausfrauenvereine eV (Ed.), Yearbook 1931 of the Professional Association of German Housewives, Volume 7, Berlin: Self-published by the Reichsverband 1930
  11. ↑ Helene Neumann: 15 years of the Association of East German Housewives. In: Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, vol. 10 (1935), Christmas special, p. 4.
  12. ↑ Dora Schlochow: Outlook into the future. Ostdeutsche Hausfrauenzeitung, vol. 10 (1935), pp. 2–3
  13. ↑ Margarete Haslinger: Letter to Dr. Franz Neumann from February 19, 1961. In: Private possession in the archive of the Franz Neumann Foundation, endowment from the Königsberg Foundation in the Donors' Association of German Science