KASKR
| KASKR | |
|---|---|
 KASKR-1 |
|
| Type: | Gyroplane |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: |
Kamov / Skrschinsky |
| First flight: |
September 25, 1929 |
| Commissioning: |
- |
| Number of pieces: |
1 |
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KASKR ( Russian КАСКР ) denotes the 1929 Soviet resulting first gyroplane . His name is made up of the first letters of the designers KAmow and SKRschinski . He is also known as "Krasny Inschener" (Красный инженер, "Red Engineer").
history
Nikolai Kamow and Nikolai Skrschinski used the fuselage of a U-1 , the Soviet replica of the British Avro 504, as a starting model for their construction . The upper wing of the biplane was dismantled, the lower one shortened and stabilized with V-struts on the fuselage. The support screw had four leaves and was attached to the four-braced bracket by horizontal and vertical joints. In order to avoid natural vibrations, the blades were connected to one another with cables to which weights were attached. When at rest, rubber ropes held the rotor blades in a straight position from above. After a ten-month construction phase, the first tests on the ground were made on September 1, 1929. The rotor was set in rotation by hand after the start of the 100 HP motor M-2, after which it was kept in motion by the wind current of the engine. However, as the turning movement became faster, the blades changed their position in an uncontrolled manner and smashed the rudder unit. The tests were canceled and the tail unit was moved further back and made lower, which was also retained in the following Autogiro constructions.
On September 25, 1929, KASKR is said to have carried out the first flight with pilot Ivan Michejew, which took place at a height of 2 to 2.5 meters about 200 meters. Even so, KASKR was an unstable device due to the non-balancing of the torque. As a result, he fell over during a soil test and was badly damaged. In 1930 the gyroplane was repaired and received a more powerful Gnôme-Rhône- Titan drive with 165 kW and the designation KASKR-2 . In 1930/31 Iwan Michejew and Dmitri Koschiz are said to have carried out around 90 flights with a height of up to 450 meters and a flight time of 28 minutes.
As a result of these tests, the ZAGI had its own Autogiro construction department, in which nine other types of gyrocopter had been produced by 1937. Kamow developed the A-7 in 1934 and Skrischinski in 1936 the A-12 .
Technical specifications
| Parameter | KASKR | KASKR-2 |
|---|---|---|
| crew | 2 | 2 |
| Support screw diameter | 12 m | 12 m |
| Gyrope speed | k. A. | 135 / min |
| length | 9.3 m | 9.8 m |
| height | 4.6 m | 4.6 m |
| Empty mass | 750 kg | 865 kg |
| Takeoff mass | 950 kg | 1100 kg |
| Engine | air-cooled radial engine Gnôme-Rhône M-2 | Gnôme-Rhône Titan |
| power | 88.3 kW (100 PS) | 165 kW (230 PS) |
| Top speed | 90 km / h | 110 km / h |
| Cruising speed | 60 km / h | 90 km / h |
| Minimum speed | 35 km / h | 70 km / h |
| Summit height | k. A. | 450 m |
| Flight duration | k. A. | 0.5 h |
| Range | k. A. | 160 km |
Trivia
According to legend, Kamov did not call the KASKR "Avtoschir" (Autogiro), as usual, but rather "Wertoljot". This term then became a synonym for helicopter in the Russian-speaking world, although KASKR is not a helicopter in the true sense of the word.
literature
- Wladimir B. Kazakow: perpendicular to the sky , aviator calendar of the GDR 1989, ISBN 3-327-00520-6
