Cocoa moth

Cocoa moth
	Cocoa moth ( Ephestia elutella )
Systematics
Order :	Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination :	Ditrysia
Superfamily :	Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family :	European borer (Pyralidae)
Genre :	Ephestia
Type :	Cocoa moth
Scientific name
	Ephestia elutella
	Huebner , 1796

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Cocoa moth caterpillars

The cacao moth ( Ephestia elutella ) is a butterfly of the family of corn borer (Pyralidae), which occurs as a storage pest in appearance. The moth is often introduced into chocolate factories with the cocoa bean. The cocoa moth is widespread in large parts of Europe and North America.

description

It is about 12 mm long and has a wingspan of 16 to 22 mm. The front wings of the cocoa moth are gray to gray-brown with slightly lighter cross bars. Otherwise the moth shows a gray to dark gray color.

designation

Since the cocoa moth came to be known under a confusing variety of scientific names, a listing here makes sense:

Ephestia amarella (Dyar, 1904)
Ephestia icosiella (Ragonot, 1888)
Ephestia infumatella (Ragonot, 1887)
Ephestia roxburghi
Ephestia roxburghii (Gregson, 1873)
Ephestia roxburgii
Ephestia uniformata (Dufrane, 1942)
Homoeosoma affusella (Ragonot, 1888)
Hyphantidium sericarium (Scott, 1859)
Phycis angusta (Haworth, 1811)
Phycis elutea (Haworth, 1811)
Phycis rufa (Haworth, 1811)
Phycis semirufa (Haworth, 1811)
Tinea elutella (Huebner, 1796)

behavior

In the cocoa moth, the size of the males is important for their reproductive success, as females prefer larger partners . In addition, mating with larger males actually results in more and larger offspring.

Combat

The cocoa moth is considered an agro-pest and is being combated. There are specific ways for biological pest control :

(9Z, 12E) -tetradeca-dienyl acetate (CAS No. 31654-77-0) was identified as the pheromone of the female cocoa moth. This substance, which is suitable for baiting male cocoa moths, was included in 2011 under "Repellents and attractants" in Annexes I and IA of the Biocide Directive (RL 2011/11 / EU).

The parasitic wasps Trichogramma evanescens and Trichogramma cacoeciae make enemies is the cocoa moth successfully against the clothes moth or plum fruit are used and many other small butterflies.

Individual evidence

↑ A. Grabe: Peculiar flavors in small butterfly caterpillars In: Journal of the Wiener Entomologen-Verein , Volume 27, pp. 105-109, 1942. (digitized version )

↑ http://ukmoths.org.uk/species/ephestia-elutella/adult/

↑ Markku Savela: Ephestia Guenée, 1845. in 2009.

↑ PL Phelan, TC Baker: Male-size-related courtship success and intersexual selection in the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella. In: Experientia , Vol. 42, Nos. 11-12, December 1986, pp. 1291-1293.

^ U. Eugene Brady, Donald A. Nordlund: Cis-9, trans-12 tetradecadien-1-YL acetate in the female tobacco moth Ephestia elutella (Huebner) and evidence for an additional component of the sex phermone. In: Life Sciences , Volume 10, No. 14, Part 2, July 22, 1971, pp. 797-801, doi : 10.1016 / 0024-3205 (71) 90003-8 .

↑ Matthias Schöller, Sherif A. Hassan: Comparative biology and life tables of Trichogramma evanescens and T. cacoeciae with Ephestia elutella as host at four constant temperatures. In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , Volume 98, No. 1, January 2001, pp. 35-40, doi : 10.1046 / j.1570-7458.2001.00754.x .

[1] A. Grabe: Peculiar flavors in small butterfly caterpillars In: Journal of the Wiener Entomologen-Verein , Volume 27, pp. 105-109, 1942. (digitized version )

[2] ttp://ukmoths.org.uk/species/ephestia-elutella/adult/

[3] Markku Savela: Ephestia Guenée, 1845. in 2009.

[4] PL Phelan, TC Baker: Male-size-related courtship success and intersexual selection in the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella. In: Experientia , Vol. 42, Nos. 11-12, December 1986, pp. 1291-1293.

[5] U. Eugene Brady, Donald A. Nordlund: Cis-9, trans-12 tetradecadien-1-YL acetate in the female tobacco moth Ephestia elutella (Huebner) and evidence for an additional component of the sex phermone. In: Life Sciences , Volume 10, No. 14, Part 2, July 22, 1971, pp. 797-801, doi : 10.1016 / 0024-3205 (71) 90003-8 .

[6] Matthias Schöller, Sherif A. Hassan: Comparative biology and life tables of Trichogramma evanescens and T. cacoeciae with Ephestia elutella as host at four constant temperatures. In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , Volume 98, No. 1, January 2001, pp. 35-40, doi : 10.1046 / j.1570-7458.2001.00754.x .