Chamber diesel engine
The chamber diesel engine , and IDI diesel engine, ( i n d irect i njection ) is a diesel engine with a split-in main combustion chamber and sub-chamber combustion chamber. In the literature, a distinction is made between two types of chamber diesel engines: with an antechamber and with a swirl chamber .
principle
The fuel is injected into the sub-chamber. This is where combustion begins, and the pressure in the chamber rises steeply as the combustion begins , so that initially a rich mixture of fuel droplets and air is pressed through the firing channel into the main combustion chamber , where it swirls with the compressed air in the cylinder and evaporates finely distributed so burns as completely as possible ( internal mixture formation ). A suitable shape with an adapted low ignition delay ensures the most favorable combustion process possible ( diesel or Seiliger cycle ).
history
Before Prosper L'Orange invented pre-chamber injection in 1909 , diesel engines needed a large structure with an additional high-pressure air compressor to inject the fuel with compressed air and to atomize it sufficiently ( air injection ). There were still no injection pumps whose delivery rate could be regulated and which at the same time applied the high pressure required.
The pre-chamber reduced the required injection pressure and came out without compressed air supply, so it was the basis for small, fast-running and thus for land motor vehicles suitable diesel engines.
In 1931 Harry Ricardo developed the vortex chamber. It has a spherical or cylindrical shape, the firing channel is wider than an antechamber and opens tangentially into the chamber. As a result, despite the wide firing channel with reduced flow losses, a stronger air vortex is generated in which the fuel is distributed sufficiently finely.
Chamber engines were widespread until the 1990s before they were supplanted by engines with modern direct injection . Since then, they have been used as inexpensive, simple, small motors in niche applications such as diesel generators and construction machinery.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Konrad Reif (ed.): Diesel engine management at a glance. 2nd Edition. Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-06554-6 . P. 28
- ↑ Konrad Reif (ed.): Diesel engine management at a glance. 2nd Edition. Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-06554-6 . P. 29