Tooth decay vaccine

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A caries vaccine (synonymous Streptococcus mutans vaccine ) is an experimental vaccine against the cause of caries , the bacterium Streptococcus mutans .

properties

There are currently no approved caries vaccines. S. mutans mainly settles outside the body in the mouth , which is why vaccination should induce the antibody subtype of the mucous membranes ( immunoglobulin A ). The virulence factors GTF ( glucosyltransferases ) and rPAc (protein antigen c, a surface protein ) are examined as antigens for a caries vaccine . These two types of antigens mediate the sucrose -independent or -dependent attachment to the surface of teeth .

Experimental caries vaccines comprise fusion proteins of the protein rPAc from S. mutans at the C terminus of the flagellin mutant KFD2 from Escherichia coli . In this fusion protein, the protein domains D2 and D3 of the flagellin were removed because the protein domains D2 and D3 activate the toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and trigger an undesirably strong immune response during vaccination . Another experimental caries vaccine in the form of a DNA vaccine is being investigated that contains genes for the glucan- binding protein domain ( GLU ) of GTF and for two conserved regions of PAc . A DNA vaccine that codes for PAc is also being investigated .

history

The first experimental caries vaccine was published in 1966 by MA Wagner. Other early attempts to create a caries vaccine were made in 1969 by WH Bowen and AN Bahn.

literature

  • Richie Chhabra, Karan Rajpal: Caries vaccine: A boom for public health. In: Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 9, 2016, p. 1, doi : 10.4103 / 1755-6783.168715 .
  • S. Zhang: Dental caries and vaccination strategy against the major cariogenic pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. In: Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. Volume 14, Number 11, 2013, pp. 960-966, PMID 24372246 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c J. H. Guo, R. Jia, MW Fan, Z. Bian, Z. Chen, B. Peng: Construction and immunogenic characterization of a fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine against PAc and glucosyltransferase I of Streptococcus mutans. In: Journal of dental research. Volume 83, Number 3, March 2004, pp. 266-270, doi : 10.1177 / 154405910408300316 , PMID 14981132 .
  2. ↑ a b J. Yang, Y. Sun, R. Bao, D. Zhou, Y. Yang, Y. Cao, J. Yu, B. Zhao, Y. Li, H. Yan, M. Zhong: Second-generation Flagellin-rPAc Fusion Protein, KFD2-rPAc, Shows High Protective Efficacy against Dental Caries with Low Potential Side Effects. In: Scientific Reports . Volume 7, number 1, September 2017, p. 11191, doi : 10.1038 / s41598-017-10247-8 , PMID 28894188 , PMC 5593867 (free full text).
  3. ↑ LK Su, F. Yu, ZF Li, C. Zeng, QA Xu, MW Fan: Intranasal co-delivery of IL-6 gene enhances the immunogenicity of anti-caries DNA vaccine. In: Acta pharmacologica Sinica. Volume 35, number 5, May 2014, pp. 592-598, doi : 10.1038 / aps.2013.184 , PMID 24705100 , PMC 4814028 (free full text).
  4. ↑ MA Wagner: Study of the effects of specific immunization on experimental dental caries in gnotobiotic rat. Dissertation (1966). Purdue University, Indiana, USA
  5. ^ WH Bowen: Dental caries. In: Archives of Disease in Childhood. Volume 47, Number 256, December 1972, pp. 849-853, PMID 4567073 , PMC 1648396 (free full text).
  6. ^ AN Bahn, JK Pinter, PD Quiliman, JA Hayashi: Immunization with enzymes against caries in the rat. In: Program and Abstracts of Papers. International Association for Dental Research (1969). Volume 47, Abstract No. 64, p. 62.
  7. ^ WH Bowen: Dental caries. In: Archives of Disease in Childhood. Volume 47, Number 256, December 1972, pp. 849-853, PMID 4567073 , PMC 1648396 (free full text).