Kaye effect

A jet of shampoo falling from a height of approx. 30 cm shows the Kaye effect.

The Kaye effect is a property of structurally viscous fluids and was first described in 1963 by the British engineer Alan Kaye . The effect is not yet fully understood.

If a pseudoplastic liquid is poured onto a surface, a thin jet sprays out from the surface upwards. The effect is easy to see with shampoo.

description

A complete cycle of the Kaye Effect.
1: Initiation by ejecting a loop
2-4: Increase in the angle of the exiting fluid jet
5: The effect is ended by the contact between the entering and the exiting jet

The effect can be divided into 3 stages from initiation to termination. The effect is initiated by the ejection of a loop of fluid from the entry point of the jet. This loop develops into a stable, exiting ray whose angle to the horizontal increases more and more. If the exiting beam hits the entering beam, the effect ends. The effect is initially linked to the formation of a highly viscous heap with a hollow on top that reflects the jet. During the cycle, the pile slowly collapses because no material is added. At the same time, the hollow, which deflects the jet, deepens so that the jet emerges steeper.

The effect only occurs with shear thinning (structurally viscous) liquids. While Kaye worked with a solution of polyisobutylene in decalin , later studies were carried out with liquid soap or shampoo.

Versluis and colleagues (see literature ) showed that the effect is stable and can even be cascaded when the jet hits a film of liquid flowing down on an inclined surface.

See also

• Non-Newtonian fluid
• Structural viscosity

literature

• AA Collyer, PJ Fisher: The Kaye effect revisited . In: Nature . tape 261 , no. 5562 , June 24, 1976, p. 682-683 , doi : 10.1038 / 261682a0 .
• Michel Versluis, Cor Blom, Devaraj van der Meer, Ko van der Weele, Detlef Lohse: Leaping shampoo and the stable Kaye effect . In: Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment . tape 2006 , no. 07 , July 20, 2006, p. P07007-P07007 , doi : 10.1088 / 1742-5468 / 2006/07 / P07007 , arxiv : physics / 0603183v1 .

Web links

• Video about the Kaye effect
• Video about the Kaye effect with a simple explanation
• S. Lee, EQ Li, JO Marston, A. Bonito, ST Thoroddsen: Leaping shampoo glides on a lubricating air layer. (PDF; 3 MB) April 23, 2013, archived from the original on July 12, 2014 ; Retrieved July 12, 2014 (from the website of co-author Bonito at Texas A&M University). 

Individual evidence

1. ^ Alan Kaye: A Bouncing Liquid Stream . In: Nature . tape 197 , no. 4871 , March 9, 1963, p. 1001-1002 , doi : 10.1038 / 1971001a0 .
2. ↑ Michel Versluis, Cor Blom, Devaraj van der Meer, Ko van der Weele, Detlef Lohse: Leaping shampoo and the stable Kaye effect . In: Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment . tape 2006 , no. 07 , July 20, 2006, p. P07007-P07007 , doi : 10.1088 / 1742-5468 / 2006/07 / P07007 , arxiv : physics / 0603183v1 .
3. ^ BH Gallup: High Speed ​​Imaging of Transient Non-Newtonian Fluid Phenomena. Bachelor thesis at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; June 2004.