Qiddushin (mixed natractic)
Qiddushin / קדושׁין (dt. Marriage ceremony ) is a treatise of the Mishnah in the order Naschim ("women").
Position in the seder
With four chapters, the Qiddushin treatise is the shortest treatise of the Naschim order and is the seventh and last in print and in the Kaufmann and Parma manuscripts. In Cambridge handwriting it is the penultimate tract after Gittin but before Sota . Possibly a content-related sequence of the tracts is intended, so that the subject of the suspect of adultery (Sota) is only dealt with at the end of the order. This is certainly the case in the Munich handwriting, in which Qiddushin is in third place, after Ketubbot and before Gittin. This results in the thematic sequence marriage contract (Ketubbot), marriage (Qiddushin) and divorce (Gittin).
Surname
Qiddushin - in some manuscripts also Qiddushim - is a plural form of Qiddush, "sanctification". In the treatise, this is specifically understood to mean sanctification through marriage. However, this is all about the legal aspect of the marriage, while the woman can be brought home to the man's house at a much later point in time. A translation with "wedding" arouses erroneous associations. In the article, the translation "entrusting" is preferred. Nevertheless, it should not be overlooked that it is more than just an engagement ( Hebrew אירוסין). The entrustment is fully valid and can only be redeemed by Get (divorce letter) .
content
The first chapter is only devoted to the question of the acquisition of women at the beginning , in order to discuss further questions of the acquisition of persons or objects based on this keyword. This is followed by reflections on the validity of commandments for men and women or in the Land of Israel or abroad. Only chapter 2 returns to the main topic of the treatise. Possibilities are negotiated to have the marriage done by yourself or through a middleman, necessary or preventive conditions for the marriage. The next chapter continues with this topic and continues to deal with doubtful situations and the consequences for children of such dubious associations. The final fourth chapter distinguishes ten classes - based on the idea of the return of the Israelites from Babylonian exile - and negotiates their marriageability among one another. Particular marriage regulations apply to priestly families. Further Mishnayot on the credibility of entrustments abroad as well as moral rules for dealing with the sexes follow. As usual, the treatise closes with an aggadic piece on the praise of learning the Torah . The reward for this in this world and the world to come is illustrated using the example of Abraham . The paragraph shows strong differences between the Palestinian and Babylonian text traditions, which speaks for its relatively late genesis.
Tosefta and Talmud
There is a Tosefta and a Gemara in both Talmudim for the treatise , which provide additional historical material.
literature
- Michael Krupp (Ed.): The Mishnah. 3rd order. Nashim women . Part 3.7: Kiddushin marriage ceremony = Masekhet Ḳidushin . Lee Achim Sefarim, En Kerem / Jerusalem 2004, ISBN 965-7221-21-8 .