Small pine bark beetle
| Small pine bark beetle | ||||||||||||
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| Cryphalus piceae | ||||||||||||
| Ratz. |
The small pine bark beetle ( Cryphalus piceae , occasionally also spelled Cryphalus picae ) is a species of bark beetle from the family of the weevils (Curculionidae).
description
The adult beetles are between 1.1 and 1.9 millimeters long. The body is oval in shape and dark brown in color. The blunt wings are covered with scales and long hair. The white eggs are oval and 0.5 to 0.8 millimeters long. The white larvae are 2.1 to 3.0 millimeters long.
Similar Art
- Grained spruce bark beetle ( Cryphalus abietis )
distribution
The species occurs in southern and central Europe. To the east, the distribution area extends to Lithuania, western Ukraine as well as southern Belarus and Turkey. You can also find them in Algeria.
Way of life
The small pine bark beetle overwinters either as a larva or pupa in the feeding tunnels or the pupa chamber or as a full-grown beetle in short tunnels that are cut into the branches of older trees. It mainly attacks firs ( Abies ), especially the silver fir ( Abies alba ), more rarely the European larch ( Larix decidua ), the Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), the Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) and the Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ). Above all, weakened trees and tree stumps that are thrown by the wind are attacked. In trees, it mainly affects the branches and twigs in the crown area.
Reproduction
The 0.5-centimeter-long storage chamber is created jointly by both sexes in the sapwood of the host tree. The resulting wood chips are removed. The 20 to 40 eggs are laid in groups. The larvae create feeding tunnels 2 to 4 centimeters long in all directions from the ramming chamber. They pupate after 4 to 5 weeks. The pupa chamber is created in the bark or in the upper layers of the sapwood. The newly hatched beetles leave the pupa chambers through exit holes 0.5 to 0.9 millimeters thick. The small fir bark beetle has two generations per year in low areas and one generation in high areas. The adult beetles of the first generation can be found from April to May, those of the second generation from July to August. Mass reproductions can occur.
Harmful effect
The small fir bark beetle is a dangerous pest, especially for young and weakened stands. If the infestation is severe, the bark layer becomes muddled, whereupon the bark peels off in large pieces.
Combat
As a preventive measure, all weakened and injured trees should be removed from the stand during winter or spring. Infested trees should also be removed during the summer months. In the case of extensive infestation, it is advisable to leave a few felled trees or parts of trees for a long time and only remove them when the females have laid the eggs in them.
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Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry at pherobase.com
- ↑ a b c d e f g entry at forestpests.org
- ↑ a b c Dagmar Nierhaus-Wunderwald: Bark-brooding beetles on silver fir . In: Leaflet for practice . No. 23 , 1995, pp. 12 . [1] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.1 MB)
