Kleptoparasitism
Kleptoparasitism (from ancient Greek κλέπτειν kléptein , German 'stolen, cunningly stealing' as well as ancient Greek παράσιτος parásitos , German 'eating with someone else , parasite' ) describes the use of the services of other forms of life, for example by stealing food or taking advantage of other people's nesting opportunities.
Kleptoparasitism is common among animals. Many species have a kleptoparasitic diet at least occasionally, for example white-tailed eagles , which hunt other fish-eating birds like the osprey , or kites , which parasitize many bird species.
More specialized kleptoparasites among birds are skuas and frigate birds , which attack other seabirds until they drop their prey or choke them out. Mandatory kleptoparasites are the thief spiders (genus Argyrodes ), which live exclusively in the webs of orb web spiders and steal the prey caught there.
In kleptogamy , males outside a group or those with a weak status within a group try to sneak a mate. In doing so, the kleptogamous males parasitize the services of other males, for example care for their brood, and kleptogamy can therefore be viewed as a form of kleptoparasitism.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language . 3rd edition, 6th impression. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914 ( zeno.org [accessed December 4, 2019]).
- ^ Wilhelm Pape , Max Sengebusch (arrangement): Concise dictionary of the Greek language . 3rd edition, 6th impression. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1914 ( zeno.org [accessed December 4, 2019]).
- ↑ Nishimura, K .: Kleptoparasitism and Cannibalism (English; PDF; 319 kB). Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan, 2010 Elsevier Ltd. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
