Copula set
The copula sentence is a type of the nominal sentence .
The predicate of a sentence represents the statement of this sentence and is formed in a regular sentence by a verb (predicative verb). In other types of sentences, the verb is not the only predicate of the sentence, but only introduces it. These verbs are called non-predicative verbs. The German verb sein is such a non-predicative verb. The sentence statement formed with sein is either identifying ("Es ist Rolf") or classifying ("He is a donkey"). The predicate comes about through a noun ( predicate noun : "Rolf", "Esel"). In addition, an adjective can also be used as a predicative adjective to form a predicate ("He is slim").
In the copula sentence, the predicate is made up of a copula and a noun or adjective used as a predicative . The copula turns a non-verb into a verb. It hardly has any other meaning than to indicate the inflection of the predicate, so it is itself meaningless.
In German, the meaningless being but also hot , will , seem and remain to form the copula clause. Sembler and paraître are also used in French . There are also verbs that are semantically not “empty”, but introduce predicate nouns congruent with the subject of the sentence.
Some languages such as modern Greek and Russian partly dispense with a copula, which semantically must have an “empty meaning”.
Examples
German:
- Otto is the strongest.
- Elvira remains the most beautiful.
French:
- Nicole est heureuse.
- Judith semble heureuse.
- Edith paraît heureuse.
Irish:
- Is é an dalta an fear. "The man is the student." - the predicate is on dalta , meaning "the student"
- Is é an fear an dalta. "The student is the man." Or "The man is the student." - the predicate is fear , so "the man"
- Is mise an múinteoir. "I am the teacher."
- Is tusa an múinteoir. "You are the teacher."
- Is eisean an múinteoir. "He is the teacher."
- Is é an múinteoir é. "He is the teacher."
- Is é an múinteoir an fear. "The man is the teacher."
- Is é an fear an múinteoir. "The man is the teacher."
- Is é Pól an múinteoir. "Paul is the teacher."
swell
- Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon Language. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Metzler, Weimar 2000, ISBN 3-476-01519-X .