Koshi-nage

Koshi-Nage ( Japanese 腰投げ ) is a group of throwing techniques ( Nage-Waza ) which is used in various Japanese martial arts such as Judo , Jiu Jitsu and Aikidō . The following description refers to aikido. The name means "hip throw" in German. The techniques are carried out as a full throw.

Origin of movement

In Aikido, the techniques were derived from the use of the Japanese sword, the katana . Disarming or neutralizing an attack with the sword is of vital importance.

The movement group of hip throws - Koshi-Nage - originally included the neutralization of the attack by entering the inner effective distance of the sword with simultaneous disarming of the opponent by throwing it over the hip. Compare also Aiki goshi .

The most effective attack with the sword is done head-on with vertical, powerful cutting. The greatest effect is achieved from the point of the sword to approximately the middle of the sword. The further inward a contact point is moved towards the attacker, the more the whole attack is neutralized. As soon as the contact point has left the edge of the sword towards its handle, the attack is even completely ineffective.

The momentum of the attack movement, however, remains. The force of the vertical cut is used by the defender (note: this is the role of the Aikido practitioner) to block the attacker's hips with body contact below the middle of the body. This maintains the vertical movement, but blocks the slight forward movement associated with it, so that the entire attacking movement is directed into a flip over the defender's hip. The movement of the weapon is controlled by entering and simultaneously grasping the hilt of the attacker's sword. As the movement progresses, the attacker recognizes that he can no longer control his own sword or the movement of his sword. The attacker must let go of the sword for self-protection if the defender falls over the hip. If he reflexively holds on to it, the whole movement remains completely identical. However, the fall over the hip can be more violent for the attacker, as his arms cannot be used to catch the fall.

Execution of the basic technique

Koshi-nage techniques are possible from all attack movements. By entering the attack movement at the same time, the aikidō practitioner moves into the inner area of action of the attack with an inward turn. He neutralizes this by going under the dangerous zone. At the time of contact, the bodies of both opponents are turned in the same direction, towards the tip of the sword. The Aikidōka then brings his hips into a position that is favorable for a rollover by bending them slightly to the side.

All variants of classic Koshi-Nage techniques have the feature that the aikidō practitioner offers his hip sideways as an obstacle, or blocks the attacker's movement below his body. The entry movement takes place with the hip first. The attacker is blocked by the side-front hip position of the aikidōka in the center of gravity on the hip and thrown by the momentum of his own movement only with little guidance from the aikidōka over his hip.

Version without sword or bokken

The technique is carried out in an identical manner without a sword or bokken : the aikidōka (aikidō practitioner) enters the attack movement and seeks physical contact with his hips below the center of his opponent and thus brings himself into the most favorable starting position for executing a Hip throw technique. Throughout the entire execution, he uses the attacker's arms in the same way as if he were holding a sword.

Variations in the execution are possible in all Aikido styles, but the principles are retained. Variations in Aikidō are u. a .:

Koshi-Guruma - flip over the hips completely without the help of the hands, only with a blockade on the middle of the body; free rollover without control of the movement by the aikido practitioner
Koshi-Guruma Geishi - Stepping out from the side and blocking the center of the body with the hip tending to be frontal, supporting the fall through simultaneous attacking movement (blow) to the back of the attacker's head
Ikkyo-Goshi - Koshi-Nage executed in the direction of movement of the Ikkyō technique

Nikkyo-Goshi - Koshi-Nage performed in the direction of movement of the Nikkyo technique

Sankyo-Goshi - Koshi-Nage performed in the direction of movement of the Sankyo technique while maintaining the torsion in the attacker's arm

Yonkyo-Goshi - Koshi-Nage performed in the direction of movement of the Yonkyo technique while maintaining the pressure point of the Yonkyo technique on the attacker's forearm

Juji-Garami Koshi Nage - Koshi-Nage with crossed arms of the opponent (Juji - "cross")

Ipponseoi Nage - Koshi-Nage with simultaneous contact point on the hip and shoulder or forearm in the armpit of the attacker; the technique is very similar to the judo technique of the same name, whereas in aikidō the principles of execution according to the aikidō standard are used

Udekime Koshi Nage - Udekimenage technique with the support of throwing over the hip.

Completion of the technique

As a rule, Koshi Nage do not require any holding positions after the execution, as body contact breaks off when all handles are released.

literature

A. Westbrook, O. Ratti: Aikido and the dynamic sphere. Tuttle, Rutland VT et al. 1996, ISBN 0-8048-0004-9 .
Aikidjournal.com encyclopedia, [1]
Christian Tissier : Aikido fundamental. Techniques et connaissances fondamentales. Budosport Verlag, Noisy-sur-École 2008, ISBN 978-2-84167-239-4 .
Christian Tissier: Aikido - Principes et applications. Volume 2: Projections. Self-published, s. l. 2005, DVD 55 minutes.