Krasnij Jar (Botaj)

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Krasnij Jar (also known as Krasniy Yar in English) is a site of the Eeolithic Botai culture , a group of hunters and fishermen in northern Kazakhstan. It is located near Kokshetau in Kazakhstan , about 100 km east of the eponymous site .

A rectangular pit house was excavated in Krasny Yar in the 1980s . Another house was uncovered by a joint expedition by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and the Presidential Cultural Center of Kazakhstan 2000–2002. Geophysical surveys showed that the settlement comprised at least 54 houses. In addition, an irregular enclosure of around 20 × 15 m was detected, within which the values ​​for phosphate and sodium were higher than in the surrounding soil, usually signs of urine. Therefore this is interpreted as a horse pen.

The diet was mainly based on horse meat. Tools were made from horse bones, for example leather straighteners made from jawbones. No remains of domesticated plants were found, however, as in Vasilovka , the preservation of plant remains was poor. The horses from Botaj are among the ancestors of the wild Przewalski horses , but hardly represented among the ancestors of modern domestic horses. Either the horses eaten were not domesticated or the attempt at domestication proved unsuccessful.

Other locations of the same name

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ YA Kislenko, N. Tatarentseva, The eastern Ural steppe at the end of the Stone Age. In: Martha D. Levine, YA Kislenko, N. Tatarintseva (eds.), Late prehistoric exploitation of the Eurasian steppe . Cambridge, McDonald Institute Monographs 1999, 183-216.
  2. ^ Sandra L. Olsen, Horse Domestication on the Eurasian Steppe. In: Melinda A. Zeder, Daniel G. Bradley, Eve Emshwiller, Bruce D. Smith (Eds.), Documenting Domestication, New genetic and archaeological Paradigms . Berkeley, University of California Press 2006, fig. 17.8. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnvs1.22
  3. ↑ Charleen Gaunitz et al., Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses. Science 360, 2018, 111.
  4. ^ Sandra L. Olsen, Horse Domestication on the Eurasian Steppe. In: Melinda A. Zeder, Daniel G. Bradley, Eve Emshwiller, Bruce D. Smith (Eds.), Documenting Domestication, New Genetic and Archaeological Paradigms. University of California Press 2006, fig. 17.8 Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnvs1.22
  5. ^ Robert N. Spengler III, Agriculture in the Central Asian Bronze Age. Journal of World Prehistory 28/3, 2015, 240. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24766194
  6. ↑ Charleen Gaunitz et al., Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses. Science 360, 2018, 111-114.
  7. ↑ Е. М. Пигарёв, Красноярское городище и его округа. ПОВОЛЖСКАЯ АРХЕОЛОГИЯ 2/16, 2016, 164–181.
  8. ↑ AV Shpansky, Quaternary mammal remains from the Krasniy Yar locality (Tomsk region, Russia). Quaternary International 142/143, 2006, 203-207

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