Kretschmer (brewer)

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A Kretschmer is the owner of a Kretscham ; and a Silesian / Lusatian name for a pub brewer , innkeeper or mug holder . In Silesian history he was a brewer who sold the beers he had brewed in his own tavern. As the owner of the brewery, the Kretschmer also often had the function of community leader.

In some areas the Land-Kretschmer were obliged to get their beer from Breslau.

guild

In 1390, the Kretschmer guild, which had been in existence for a long time at that time, was confirmed with a privilege by King Wenzel of Bohemia in Breslau . The guild carried out strict quality assurance management in order to differentiate the Kretschmer beers from the municipal breweries and in particular from the foreign beers served in the Schweidnitz cellar . In the 15th century, the guild also introduced the joint purchasing of raw materials, central malting and milling, and control of the brewing work by beer testers . Around 1500 this had led to the fact that the Kretschmer beers as Breslauer Schöps became known beyond the city and the inner district.

Originally, the Kretschmer beers were exclusively top-fermented beers with a clearly defined component of lactic acid fermentation. In addition, there was the tradition of processing the spillages into bucket beer , which was gauged and then fermented in the households after adding sugar. This was a popular warm beer for the people of Wroclaw in winter and a popular soft drink in the summer months due to its slightly lactic acidic character.

The bottom-fermented Kretschmer beers that emerged later were brewed with 13.5–14% original wort, the most popular variant of which was an Eisbock served in March . There was also a Mardi Gras strong beer that was brewed from the start with 18% original wort content.

In 1584 there were 211 Kretschmer breweries in Breslau, of which only 11 survived until 1945. In addition, there were also the external guild members in Oberbögendorf, Rückers, Oels, Münsterberg and Glatz.

literature

  • Karl Fr. Kretschmer, A. Swantlé: Interesting facts about old brewing methods and the development of the brewing industry in Europe. In: Deutsche Brauwirtschaft 11, 12, 13 1970
  • Karl Fr. Kretschmer: Memories of the Kretschmer guild and the Schweidnitzer cellar in Breslau. In: GGB Yearbook 1979: Berlin 1978 pp. 123-134
  • Karl Fr. Kretschmer, E. Schober: Die Satteldarre ... In: GGB Yearbook 1975
  • H. Huntemann: The German brewing trade from the end of the Middle Ages to the beginning of industrialization. Hans Carl: Nuremberg 1971

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Silesia (Germany): Collection of all in the sovereign Duchy of Silesia and its incorporated county Glatz in finance, justice, criminal, clerical, consistorial, church matters & c., & C. published and issued regulations, edicts, mandates, rescripts & c. & c. Korn, 1765, Volume 1 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).