Cultic Decalogue

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As cultic Decalogue , privilege rights YHWH or simply Federal words , rarely as Ritual Decalogue , the text unit is ex 34.10-26  EU in Tanach , the Hebrew Bible , called. It is a collection of cultic commandments and a festival calendar for worship in ancient Judaism .

designation

The designation "cultic decalogue" for Ex 34 comes from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe : He contrasted this text with the Ten Commandments (Ex 20,2–17; Dtn 5,6–21), which he called the “ethical decalogue”. This was followed in the 19th century by the Old Testament scholar Julius Wellhausen, among others : He advocated the common thesis that the ritual series of commandments from Ex 34 was an older predecessor of the Decalogue and that the latter reflected an ethical progress in the religious history of Israel. This thesis has been considered obsolete in research since the early 1960s. The name of Goethe and Wellhausen, although still common, but is now considered misleading because it is not the Decalogue, but cult legal provisions in Ex 34 to renew the covenant relationship of the Israelites is.

The expression decalogue (“ ten words ”) is based on Ex 34,27f. EU : Then, at YHWH's command , Moses wrote "the words of the covenant, the ten words" on two tablets of stone to bring them to the Israelites. However, the text unit cannot be divided into ten commandments and, in terms of content and form, it is not a variant of the Decalogue, which summarizes YHWH's will for the covenant people of the Israelites across time.

origin

The text unit is one of many collections of commandments that have been put together for the Torah . Similar to the covenant book (Ex 20-23), it is situationally embedded in the narrative of YHWH's covenant agreement with Israel on Mount Sinai . However, YHWH announces in Ex 34.1 that he will describe two stone tablets himself carved by Moses. This is contradicted by the closing verse Ex 34:27, according to which Moses should write the words just heard on the tablets. Therefore, historical-critical research assumes different authors or editors of the text composition. The text is closely related in terms of content and language to the conclusion of the Federal Book in Ex 23.14–19  EU , so that literary dependence is often assumed. Which of the two texts is the older model is disputed.

literature

  • Hans-Christoph Schmitt: The so-called Jahwist privilege in Ex 34,10-28 as a composition of the late German-speaking final editing of the Pentateuch. In: Jan Christian Gertz, Konrad Schmid: Farewell to the Yahwist: The composition of the Hexateuch in the latest discussion. (= Journal for Old Testament Science. 315). de Gruyter, Berlin 2013, pp. 157–172.
  • Frank Crüsemann : The Torah. Theology and Social History of Old Testament Law. (1992). 4th edition, Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2005, ISBN 3-579-05212-8 , pp. 138-170.
  • Matthias Köckert , Erhard Blum: God's people on Sinai. Investigations on Ex 32–34 and Dtn 9–10. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2001, ISBN 3-579-05346-9 .
  • Frank-Lothar Hossfeld: The privilege right Ex 34.11-26 in discussion. In: Stefan Beyerle, Hans Strauss, Günter Mayer (eds.): Law and Ethos in the Old Testament. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1999, ISBN 3-7887-1773-4 , pp. 39-59.
  • Erhart Blum: The so-called 'privilege right' in Exodus 34: 11-26: A fixed point in the composition of the Exodus book? In: Marc Vervenne (Ed.): Studies in the Book of Exodus: Redaction - Reception - Interpretation. Peeters, Leuwen 1996, ISBN 90-6831-825-X , pp. 347-366.
  • Christoph Dohmen: What was on the tablets of Sinai and what was on those of Horeb? In: Frank-Lothar Hossfeld (Ed.): From Sinai to Horeb. Stations in the history of the Old Testament faith. Echter Verlag, 1989, pp. 9-50.
  • Jörn Halbe: The privilege of Yahweh Ex 34.10-26. Shape and essence, origin and work in pre-Deuteronomic times. (= Research on the religion and literature of the OT and NT (FRLANT). 114). 1975, ISBN 3-525-53269-5 , pp. 1-552. ( Text online at Digi20, Bavarian State Library)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eckart Otto (Ed.): Max Weber Complete Edition Volume I / 21,2: The business ethics of the world religions. Ancient Judaism. Writings and speeches 1911–1920. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-16-148529-7 , p. 916.
  2. ^ Walter Beyerlin: Origin and history of the oldest Sinai traditions. Mohr, 1961, p. 95.
  3. ↑ a b Jörg Jeremias: Theology of the Old Testament. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-51697-3 , p. 61.
  4. ↑ Erich Zenger, Christian Frevel and others (eds.): Introduction to the Old Testament. 9th, updated edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-17-030352-2 , pp. 98f.
  5. ↑ Otto Kaiser: Faith and History in the Old Testament: The new image of the prehistory and early history of Israel and the problem of salvation history. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-7887-2871-7 , p. 100.
  6. ↑ Reinhard Gregor Kratz: The composition of the narrative books of the Old Testament. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-8252-2157-1 ; Erhard Blum: Studies on the composition of the Pentateuch. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1990, ISBN 3-11-012027-5 .