Culture soil

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The culture medium is the form of the bottom , which the agricultural serves use.

Basics

The grain size of the soil particles is important for distinguishing between cultivated soils . Grains of sand are relatively large and roughly spherical. The soil is loose with a lot of space between the particles. This allows roots to spread easily, but the water is poorly stored. In contrast, the flaky clay particles of clay soils are much smaller. The soil is compact and firm, with little space for water and air. Loam soils are somewhere in between, loam is a mixture of sand, silt and clay.

Important cultivated soils

Important cultivated soils and their advantages and disadvantages as well as agricultural improvement measures.

Sandy soil

This type of soil is well ventilated and warms up quickly; the rain water will be well received; the soil dries quickly and is easy to work on. On the other hand, this soil cools down quickly, water and nutrients are easily washed out into the groundwater. This soil requires irrigation and watering facilities as well as humus supply and several small fertilizers for inventory management . Favorable crops: strawberries , asparagus and tobacco .

Humous sandy soil

This type of soil heats up quickly, heat storage is good and lasts; The water and nutrient holding power is also significantly improved due to the humus content . With these properties, the humus sandy soil is one of the best cultivated soils. One of the disadvantages is that it can be emaciated during drought. All cultures are possible that can cope with the weather conditions.

Loamy sandy soil

This type of soil can also be used for almost all crops. The ventilation is good, mineral fertilizers keep better than in sandy soil, and stable manure is also used better. It heats up more slowly than humus sandy soil, but it does not hold moisture for very long.

Sandy loam soil

This type of soil can be used for almost all crops, the water-holding and water-rising power is good, the ventilation is sufficient. Manure is used well. A regular supply of humus makes sense, as does liming with limestone powder as quick lime .

Clay soil

The water-holding and water-rising power is very good; Mineral fertilizers are sufficiently retained. Manure utilization is very good. With a strong humus supply, it is one of the best cultivated soils. However, the ventilation is not very good; warming up in spring is slow and processing is relatively difficult as it requires a lot of chopping work. A ground cover ( mulch ) prevents the surface from becoming silted up during rain and watering. Digging in horse manure and regular liming with quick lime makes it easier to aerate.

Clay soil

In agriculture, this type of soil is referred to as hourly soil, since after it has dried slowly after a rain, there is often little time for cultivation. Although nutrient salts are present, nutrients and water cannot be absorbed by the roots, the soil is poorly ventilated, hard and it is very difficult to cultivate.

Peatland

The bog soil can hold the water well and is particularly suitable for bog beds and heather plants; Mineral fertilizers are kept very well, stable manure is not necessary. It is poorly ventilated and the soil is rather acidic and often very cold and, depending on the type of peat, poor in nutrients.

For agricultural use, depending on the layer thickness, deep trenches (= subsoil, plowing up to a depth of 80 cm) are necessary in order to obtain a permeable subsoil. In addition, lime must be added and coarse sand worked into the upper layer. Today moors are endangered habitats, so nature conservation aspects must be considered.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The soil - living earth, thirty centimeters, on which we live Section Soil Types, Organization BIOkybernetisches Zentrum Aachen.