Cultural Entrepreneurship
The term cultural entrepreneurship or cultural entrepreneurship describes innovative forms of entrepreneurship or business start-ups in the cultural sector and in the creative industries . This is based on the idea that even if public funding for culture declines, not only recognition and fame but sustainable returns must be achieved. However, suitable financing models must be developed for this. Sponsoring ( Medici effect ) is an increasingly important, innovation - promoting form of financing for cultural entrepreneurship . B. during a performance or on a building, often in a post-modern, ironic refraction.
Heritage entrepreneurship is a special form , i.e. the commercial exploitation of cultural heritage, particularly in connection with the pursuit of ecological and social sustainability.
Development of cultural entrepreneurship
Artists as entrepreneurs are not a historically new phenomenon; the connection between the two roles goes back to the Renaissance . Another boost in the commercialization of art took place in the 19th century with the emergence of a broad bourgeois audience. While architects, designers and other creative professions have always created their creative work without public funding, large private theaters and museums have no longer been an exception since the turn of the century. Today, more and more artists are working at the interfaces between business and art, which has repercussions on the forms of expression and content of art. You no longer only appear as micro-entrepreneurs in the arts, but also in product and service markets .
The economization of art and culture is often associated with the demand for sustainability without public funding. Cultural entrepreneurs often feel connected to the ideas of eco-entrepreneurship or social entrepreneurship and often polemically set themselves apart from the “elitist” high culture .
Cultural entrepreneurship developed particularly early in the Netherlands . Characteristic is the statement of the concept artist Teun Castelein , whose exhibition with 250 different brands flagged at the Graphic Design Museum Amsterdam was opened by Queen Beatrix : "On one hand I disgust commercial things, on the other hand I like to play with it." Spain is heavily promoting cultural entrepreneurship under the 2011 plan of the formento de las industrias culturales y creativas .
Social functions of cultural entrepreneurs
Today it is increasingly recognized that cultural entrepreneurs take on important social functions in the collection, transfer and legitimation of knowledge and at the same time contribute to cultural change. According to estimates by the EU Commission, they generate 2.6 percent of the gross national product of the European Union.
literature
- Frans Johansson: The Medici Effect. What Elephants & Epidemics can teach us about innovation . Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass. 2006, ISBN 978-1-4221-0282-4 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Lisa Powell, Simon Thomas, Brychan Thoma: Innovation and heritage entrepreneurship development in the South Wales Valleys . In: Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship , Vol. 2 (2011), Issue 1, ISSN 2000-7396
- ↑ Cultural Entrepreneurship on scienceofthetime.com ( Memento from November 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ).