Kurai (flute)
Kurai , Bashkir ҡурай , Tatar quray , also kuray, kuraj, is a long , rim- blown longitudinal flute of the Bashkirs and Tatars in the Russian republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan . The kurai usually has four finger holes and one thumb hole in a 57 to 81 centimeter long tube. The player blows and sings a drone into the flute at the same time . The kurai is considered the national instrument of the Bashkirs. In Uzbekistan there is also a longitudinal flute called a quray .
distribution
The kurai belongs to the type of Persian reed flute nay . Several Central Asian reed flutes without a mouthpiece (shepherd flutes) are related in shape and style of play, including the tüidük of the Turkmen , the sybyzgy ( sibizga ) of the Kazakhs , the choor in Kyrgyzstan and the tsuur in Mongolia . Other related shepherd flutes are the long Turkish kaval , the Armenian blul , the Kurdish bilûr and the narh in Pakistan .
Design
The Kurai usually consists of the stem of the Doldengewäches Ural Edgepisil or Kamchatka Pleurospermum (Pleurospermum uralense). It blooms in July and then dries up in August – September. It is cut in September and stored in a dry and dark place. The length is determined by measuring 8-10 times the width of the hand around the stem of the plant. The first hole must be made four fingers from the top of the plant. The next three holes two fingers apart and the fifth on the back three fingers away from the fourth hole.
The kurai is up to about 80 centimeters long. Their range is three octaves . It is used as a solo and as an ensemble instrument. In addition to the reed flute, other types of kurai are known:
- The sor-quray is made by Bashkirs who live in the steppe, where the usual plant cane does not grow. It is made of a steppe grass, its length is up to one meter and it is wider in diameter. It may have been used for callsigns.
- A kurai is made from copper. However, experts advise against the use of this flute as it is harmful to health.
Style of play
The names of excellent quray player improvisers include Kubagush-sasan, Baik-sasan, I. Murzakaev, G. Arginbaev, Y. Icyanbaev, I. Dilmukhametov, G. Suleymanov, K. Diyarov, R. Rakhimov, Y. Gaynetdinov, A. Aitkulov and R. Yuldashev.
There are many Quray artists: winners and diploma winners of international folk festivals, international student and youth festivals and Russian competitions of artists of rare musical instruments.
There is an image of a quray flower on the national flag and coat of arms of Bashkortostan .
literature
- Victor Belaiev, SW Pring: The Longitudinal Open Flutes of Central Asia. In: The Musical Quarterly , Vol. 19, No. 1, January 1933, pp. 84-100
- Helen M. Faller: Kuray. In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments . Vol. 3, Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, p. 232
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Mark Dickens: Uzbek Music. Oxus Communications, 1989, pp. 1-28, here p. 10
- ↑ Olesya Seryogina: Quray . Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
- ↑ Башҡорт энциклопедияһы. ҠУРАЙ ( pleurospermum ) мәҡәләһе
- ↑ Рыбаков С. Г. Музыка и песни уральских мусульман с очерком их быта // Ватандаш. - 2000. - № 5. с. 88-94.
