Spoon (attachment)
A bucket is an attachment to an excavator that is used to loosen, transport and pour off soil or other bulk materials.
species
A fundamental distinction is made between shovel and backhoe.
- Backhoe bucket
- take the dredged material to the excavator, they are suitable for excavation work in depth, z. B. for excavations or pipe trenches. Backhoe buckets developed for special tasks include rock backhoe buckets, ditch cleaning buckets, ejector buckets, trapezoidal buckets and drainage buckets. If backhoe buckets can be pivoted laterally, they are also referred to as tilting buckets.
- Shovel
- carry the dredged material to the front and top, as is necessary in open-cast mining, for example. Shovel buckets can often be opened at the bottom to load the material.
Then these two basic types of spoons differ further in their special function, e.g. B. in:
- Sieve spoon
- However, passive or active sieve spoons are not actually spoons, as they take up soil or other material, but then sieve , sort, mix, crush and break it.
- Ditch cleaning bucket
- The ditch cleaning bucket is suitable for picking up, transporting, lifting and pouring out soil and light soils when building trenches and hollows, as well as for creating embankments, verges and other complex terrain forms.
- Trench trapezoidal spoon
- The trench trapezoidal spoon is used for the regeneration of banquets as well as for forest road maintenance and cleaning of overgrown and muddy ditches on roads and forest roads. With the trapezoidal trench bucket, higher specific outputs can be achieved than with conventional trench clearing buckets.
The clamshell grab, which can also be used as a spoon to a limited extent, would not be a classic spoon:
- Clamshell grab
- Clamshell grabs are two buckets pushing against each other that pick up the dredged material from above and do not require any resistance from the remaining dredged material.
In addition, there are more special designs such as ejector spoons, rock spoons, sewer and shoring spoons, stone laying spoons, ripping spoons, backhoe buckets, jaw crusher spoons and the like. a. m. which are suitable for special soil materials, soil conditions and / or the construction work to be carried out.
There is also the option of attaching a hydraulically movable counter-holder, a gripping tooth , to the excavator bucket .
In order to be able to quickly use the right excavator bucket for the respective application, there are quick-change systems that simplify changing the bucket on the excavator. Such quick-change systems can also be designed symmetrically in order to allow a simple change between backhoe use and shovel use with the same attachment.
Backhoe excavator
Excavator with swiveling ditch cleaning bucket
Excavator with backhoe bucket and gripping tooth
Excavator with shovel
Clamshell grab
Sieve spoon
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Materials
Simple spoons are still made from a cast material. Most of the time, not least because of the complex shape of the spoon, it is a welded construction. Above all, a wide variety of materials can be more easily combined with one another, so that highly wear-resistant steels can be used where the particularly stressed areas are. Thinner, normal and thus lighter-weight steel sheets ensure a lower overall weight in the less stressed areas. After all, every attachment should be as light as possible in order to a) not reduce the performance of the excavator more than necessary from the start and b) save a lot of fuel with a light, but nonetheless wear-resistant spoon.
In addition to conventional cast materials and steels, high-strength sheets such as those with a Brinell hardness (HB) of up to 500 or more recently even more (HB 600) are used. In addition, there are special wear parts that are specifically mounted / welded on. Leading brands include a .: Abrazo, Borox, Cracox, Esco, Hardox and Quard from steel manufacturers such as Svenskt Stål AB, Tata Steel, ThyssenKrupp etc.
literature
- Christian Schwab: Contribution to a universal excavator interface for the transmission of electrical and hydraulic power as well as electronic signals for complex attachments. Scientific Publishing, dissertation at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 2014, ISSN 1869-6058 .
- Karl Josef Witt (Hrsg.): Grundbau paperback part 2 . Geotechnical processes, 7th edition, Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-433-01845-3 .
