Löwenstein Rule

In this crystal structure, the AlO ₂ content can no longer be increased without violating the Löwenstein rule

The Löwenstein rule ( English Loewenstein’s rule or the principle of Al avoidance ) is a rule drawn up by Walter Loewenstein in 1953 for the chemical composition of aluminosilicates . The rule states that the connection of two AlO ₄ - tetrahedra via a common oxygen atom (AlO-Al bond) in this group of substances is unstable. According to this rule, zeolites can consist of a maximum of 50% AlO ₄ tetrahedra.

literature

The distribution of aluminum in the tetrahedra of silicates and aluminates . In: American Mineralogist. Vol. 39, No. 1/2 , 1954, pp. 92 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 337 kB ]).

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Elaine A. Moore, Lesley E. Smart: Solid state chemistry. An introduction . 4th edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton 2012, ISBN 978-1-4398-4790-9 , pp. 285 (English).

[:0-1] A ^b Elaine A. Moore, Lesley E. Smart: Solid state chemistry. An introduction . 4th edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton 2012, ISBN 978-1-4398-4790-9 , pp. 285 (English).