LPAR
LPAR ( L ogical Par tition ) is the division of IBM - mainframe computer (mainframe) into multiple virtual machines . An instance of the same or different operating systems can run in each virtual system . The division is implemented by the Processor Resource / System Manager (PR / SM), which is a LIC function (LIC = Licensed Internal Code, a type of BIOS of the mainframe).
The system administrator can determine which resources ( CPUs , memory , etc.) should be allocated to a partition. In a System z Parallel Sysplex , processor and I / O resources can also be dynamically controlled by Workload Manager to ensure that targets are met wherever possible.
The use of LPARs is an example of server partitioning .
System z
Modern System z computers (e.g. z10 Enterprise Class) can manage up to 60 LPARs. The upcoming z13 enterprise class system will support 85 LPARs.
With the help of the z / VM operating system, any number of virtual machines can be created on an IBM mainframe, provided that sufficient resources are available.
zLinux operating modes
- Native mode : All available hardware resources are used
- LPAR mode : Hardware resources are divided into "logical partitions"
- VM mode : Hardware resources are "virtualized", for example under the hypervisor operating systems z / VM or KVM ( Kernel-based Virtual Machine )
The native mode is in the current System z machines no longer available as these systems only in LPAR mode can be operated.
pSeries / System p / Power Systems
Power4 -based computers can contain up to 32 logical partitions. The granularity of the partitioning with pSeries is a CPU, 256 MB RAM, an I / O adapter. With AIX version 5.2L, the LPARs can be repartioned dynamically (without rebooting). Linux , AIX 5.1 and AIX 5.2 operating systems can be operated simultaneously in a pSeries computer in different LPARs. Novell SuSE Linux SLES 8 and 9 for PPC and Red Hat Advanced Server 3.0 are supported as Linux distributions .
From Power5 and AIX 5.3, LPARs can be operated with less than one entire CPU. These so-called Micropartitions (or Shared Processor LPARs, SPLPARs for short) require at least 0.1 CPU shares ( Capacity Entitlement, CE for short), which can be changed in 1% steps. This means that up to 10 LPARs are conceivable per CPU.
There are two operating modes: capped (hard upper limit on CEs) and uncovered / uncapped (open at the top). Uncapped SPLPARs are particularly elegant and easy to maintain, as the CE allocation is recalculated by the POWER Hypervisor (PHYP) every 10 ms. LPARs that have low loads make their CEs available to the pool so that LPARs with high loads can be satisfied.
Since AIX 6.1 and the new Power6 technology, LPARs can be moved from one machine to another. This feature is known as Live Partition Mobility . In addition to AIX, SuSE SLES 10 and 11 servers for PPC are also supported as additional LPAR operating systems.
PCs & servers
PCs and servers ( x86 architecture) have not yet allowed the establishment of LPARs. The first provider of this technology is HDS (Hitachi Data Systems) with the Hitachi Compute Blade System CB500 or CB2000. Up to 60 LPARS can be created there.
Alternatively, you can best achieve a similar partitioning with Xen . Other existing software solutions for virtualizing PC systems are commercial products such as VMware ESX . Free products are KVM , VirtualBox , Bochs , Virtual PC , QEMU and User Mode Linux .
swell
- ↑ ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/common/ssi/pm/sp/n/zsd03005usen/ZSD03005USEN.PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ IBM: IBM z13 Data Sheet.Retrieved June 19, 2015
- ↑ http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/de/p/apv/features.html
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
