Lament
Lamento ( Italian ), Latin lamentation , means lament or lament .
Dirge
Lamento in music is called funeral chant. The earliest evidence of a lament composition is the "Lamento di Tristano" from the 13th century. The term “lamento” (or “lamentatio”) as a generic term for compositions with specific musical characteristics is usually used for music of the 17th and 18th centuries (e.g. for lamenti in operas ). A popular example is the Lamento d'Arianna by Claudio Monteverdi (1608); his Lamento della Ninfa (1638) is considered the "locus classicus" of the genre . A typical musical feature of a lamento composition is a diatonic or chromatic descending tetrachord between the root and fifth of the key (for example »a – g – f – e« or »a – g sharp – g – f sharp – f – e” in A minor , in the latter case referred to as Passus duriusculus in Baroque figure theory ). Lamento basses are often the basis of ostinato compositions (for example Henry Purcell , Dido and Aeneas , Dido aria "When I am laid in earth"; Johann Sebastian Bach , Mass in B minor BWV 232 , "Crucifixus"; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Mass in C minor KV 427 , "Qui tollis peccata mundi" etc.). Compositions that can be referred to as lamentos in the narrower sense or those that are based solely on musical material from the tradition of the lamentos can be traced back to the present day.
complain
Lamenting as behavior (lamenting) is described as extensive or plaintive whining. That this lamentation was attributed especially to the female sex can be inferred from an instruction on fire fighting in the countryside from the 18th century. According to this, according to the express orders of the authorities, it was to be ensured "that the women who only confuse their complaints are brought into the ranks".
literature
- Ulrich Kaiser : Lamento bass, lamento bass. Music from four centuries , materials for teaching in general schools (= OpenBook 5), Karlsfeld 2013
Web links
- Online tutorial for the Lamento bass (musikanalyse.net)
Individual evidence
- ^ Adalbert Quadt : Lute music from the Renaissance. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1 ff. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1967 ff .; 4th edition, ibid. 1968, Volume 2, p. 60.
- ^ Franz-Josef Sehr : The fire extinguishing system in Obertiefenbach from earlier times . In: Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 1994 . The district committee of the Limburg-Weilburg district, Limburg-Weilburg 1993, p. 151-153 .