Lang Darma
Lang Darma ( Tibetan : གླང་ དར་ མ་ , Wylie : glang dar ma ) was the last tsenpo (tib .: btsan po ), nowadays usually called King of Tibet , and ruled from about 836 to 842, according to other sources 841 to 846. In the literature there are sources according to which he ruled for one and a half years, others give the reign as six to 13 years. With the massive persecution of Buddhism that began during his reign and the repression in its monastic form, the decline of the Yarlung Empire and with it the former Tibetan empire ended. Lang Darma himself is said to have been murdered by Pelgyi Dorje von Lhalung (Tib .: lha lung dpal gyi rdo rje ), one of the 25 students of Padmasambhava , who was disguised as a Bon priest .
Before Lang Darma, his Buddhist brother Relpachen (Tib .: khri ral pa can ) had taken the throne and introduced reforms that severely curtailed the power of the Tibetan landed nobility and gave the Buddhist monasteries a permanent decisive influence in the regions of Tibet. These reforms had already resulted in Relpachen being murdered.
In the history of science, doubts have been raised about Lang Darma's strictly anti-Buddhist stance.
literature
- RA Stein : Tibetan Civilization . Stanford University Press, 1972, pp. 70-71, ISBN 0-8047-0806-1 (hardback); ISBN 0-8047-0901-7 (paperback).
- Christopher I. Beckwith : The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages . Princeton University Press, 1987, pp. 168-169. ISBN 0-691-02469-3 .
- Yamaguchi Zuiho: The Fiction of King Dar Ma's Persecution of Buddhism. In: Jean Pierre Drège (ed.): De Dunhuang au Japon. Études Chinoises et Bouddhique's offer à Michel Soymié . Librairie Droz, Geneva 1996, pp. 230-258.
- Jens Schlieter in Buddhism and Violence / ed. By Michael Zimmermann with the assistance of Chiew Hui Ho and Philip Pierce. - Kathmandu: Lumbini International Research Institute, 2006, Compassionate Killing or Conflict Resolution? The Murder of King Langdarma according to Tibetan Buddhist Sources , pages 131–157. ISBN 99946-933-1-X .
Remarks
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lang Darma |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | glang dar ma (legend after Wylie); གླང་ དར་ མ་ (Tibetan) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | last tsenpo (king of Tibet) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 8th century or 9th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | after 842 |