Canvas painting
The term canvas painting is used in the specialist literature for textile image carriers . This term does not always apply, however, because the image carriers can consist not only of linen, i.e. flax or hemp fibers , but also of silk , cotton or, more recently, of jute or synthetic fabrics. It can be assumed that artists occasionally painted fabrics made of other fibers or fiber mixtures.
development
The use of textile picture carriers goes back to ancient times. None of these canvas paintings survived. The earliest canvas paintings that have come down to us come from early dynastic Egypt. Around 1400, Cennino Cennini mentions canvas as a canvas for hunger cloths and flags in his treatise "Il Libro dell 'Arte". In Germany and the Netherlands in the 15th century, canvas painted with glue was used as an inexpensive substitute for expensive hand-embroidered tapestries .
The great age of painting on canvas in Europe begins around 1500 in Italy, especially in Venice. In the course of the 16th century, the canvas was used more and more often as a picture carrier. In Germany, France and Spain too, artists are slowly starting to work on canvas. In the northern Netherlands, however, the textile image carrier only slowly gained acceptance in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. From the 17th century onwards, the canvas displaced the wooden picture carrier almost entirely from European panel painting.
exploration
A wealth of information for identifying a painting is contained in the textile image carrier. So far there have been only a few comparative studies of which textile image carriers were used where and at what time. So it can only be assumed with great caution that hemp was mainly processed into picture carriers in southern Europe and France, while flax canvases were preferred north of the Alps. In general, one can also say that the weaves and structures of the textile image carrier are different in the different schools and epochs.
Early Italian paintings are painted on fine linen with a linen binding . But already at the beginning of the 16th century, canvas paintings with twill weave can be found, especially in Venetian painting . The mostly "rough" plastic structure was integrated into the painting by the artists.
A loosely woven linen with square to rectangular spaces is characteristic of Italian painting of the 17th century and was often used in Roman painting, but can also be found occasionally in painting of the 18th and 19th centuries.
In the course of the 18th century, the canvas of the textile picture carrier became finer again due to artistic requirements. Canvas paintings made on mechanical looms can be found around the middle of the 19th century.
An old hand-woven malleinen differs significantly from a machine-woven one because of the more frequent weaving errors and the uneven thickness of the hand-spun thread.
literature
Knut Nicolaus: Handbook of painting studies. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 2003 ISBN 3-8321-7288-2
Individual evidence
- ↑ Analysis: https://www.fu-berlin.de/presse/publikationen/fundiert/archiv/2003_01/03_01_bohlmann_fink_weiss/index.html
- ↑ K. Vanderlip de Carbonnel: A study of French Painting Canvases . In: Journal of the American Institute for Conservation . tape 50 , 1981, pp. 3-20 .
- ↑ Knut Nicolaus: DuMont's image lexicon for determining paintings . DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1982, ISBN 3-7701-1243-1 , p. 127 ff .