Colocolo
| Colocolo | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Leopardus colocolo | ||||||||||||
| ( Molina , 1782) |
The Colocolo ( Leopardus colocolo , syn .: Oncifelis colocolo ) is a species of cat that occurs in central Chile from sea level to altitudes of 1800 meters. The distribution area west of the Andes begins in the north south of the Atacama Desert and ends in the south at the northern border of the Valdivian rainforest , where the habitat of the Chilean forest cat ( Leopardus guigna ) begins.
features
The Colocolo has a gray base color and shows on the sides of the body a pattern formed by oblique cinnamon-colored lines. The center line of the back is dark gray with some scattered cinnamon hair. The head and neck are also gray with some cinnamon-colored hair sprinkled with it. The two throat strips are dark brown. The backs of the ears are cinnamon with a blackish tip and blackish edges. The gray front and rear legs are patterned with irregular dark red-brown rings. The tail is gray and patterned with dark gray rings. The skull is characterized by a well-formed parietal crest that extends over the entire length of the bone suture of the paired parietal bone .
Spreading way of life
The habitat of the Colocolo is a semi-arid shrubland with sparse forests and a Mediterranean climate called Matorral. It is mainly nocturnal but has also been observed during the day. It feeds on rodents (e.g. guinea pigs and chinchillas ) and birds that live on the ground (e.g. cockroaches ). A female gives birth to one to three young per litter.
Systematics
The scientific name was introduced in 1782 by the Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina , who described a species of cat under the scientific name Felis colocolo . As Terra typica was Santiago stated. In the oldest works the cat is classified in Felis , more recent works combine it with the small spotted cat and the Chilean forest cat to the genus Oncifelis . Sometimes it was also classified in its own genus, Lynchailurus . Wilson and Reeder (2005) finally merged Oncifelis with Leopardus to form the genus of the pardle cats . A few other cat forms, which were described between 1816 and 1994, were assigned to the Colocolo as subspecies either directly in the first description or later . Since with L. c. Pajero was also occurring in the Argentine Pampas forms, for the German-speaking world for was leopardus colocola the common name Pampa Cat usual.
The subspecies recognized by the specialist group of the international environmental protection association IUCN (SSC Cat Specialist Specialist Group) are:
- Leopardus colocolo colocolo (Molina, 1782), central Chile.
- Leopardus colocolo budini (Pocock, 1941), Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.
- Leopardus colocolo braccatus (Cope, 1889), Central Brazil and Paraguay.
- Leopardus colocolo garleppi (Matschie, 1912), Peru, Ecuador and southern Colombia west of the Andes.
- Leopardus colocolo munoai (Ximénez, 1961), Uruguay.
- Leopardus colocolo pajeros (Desmarest, 1816), Argentina.
- Leopardus colocolo wolffsohni (García-Perea, 1994), Northern Chile.
A group of Brazilian biologists were able to identify five genetic groups within the Pampas cat group, most of which correspond to the subspecies. In a revision of the Pampas cat group published in June 2020, Leopardus colocolo was divided into five species, which differ in their skull morphology, coat color and genome and which also have different areas of distribution.
- Leopardus colocolo , central Chile.
- Leopardus braccatus , Central Brazil and Paraguay.
- Leopardus garleppi , Ecuador, Peru and northwestern Argentina. ( Synonyms : L. budini , L. wolffsohni )
- Leopardus munoai , Uruguay.
- Leopardus pajeros , Argentina.
The following cladogram shows the relationship within the monophyletic Pampas cat group:
| Pampas cat group |
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supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d Fabio Oliveira do Nascimento, Jilong Cheng and Anderson Feijó (2020). Taxonomic revision of the pampas cat Leopardus colocola complex (Carnivora: Felidae): an integrative approach. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, XX, 1-37, doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa043
- ^ Mel E. Sunquist & Fiona C. Sunquist: Family Felidae (Cats). Page 146 in Don E. Wilson , Russell A. Mittermeier : Handbook of the Mammals of the World - Volume 1 Carnivores. Lynx Editions, 2009, ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1
- ↑ Molina GI. (1782): Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chile. Bologna: Stamperia di S. Tommaso d'Aquino.
- ↑ Rosa García-Perea: The Pampas Cat Group (Genus Lynchailurus Severtzov, 1858) (Carnivora: Felidae), a Systematic and Biogeographic Review. American Museum Novitates 3096, 1994; Pp. 1-36.
- ↑ Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Leopardus in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
- ↑ Kitchener AC, Breitenmoser-Würsten Ch., Eizirik E., Gentry A., Werdelin L., Wilting A., Yamaguchi N., Abramov AV, Christiansen P., Driscoll C., Duckworth JW, Johnson W., Luo S. .-J., Meijaard E., O'Donoghue P., Sanderson J., Seymour K., Bruford M., Groves C., Hoffmann M., Nowell K., Timmons Z. & Tobe S. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11, 80 pp.
- ↑ Anelisie da Silva Santos, Tatiane Campos Trigo, Tadeu Gomes de Oliveira, Leandro Silveira and Eduardo Eizirik: Phylogeographic analyzes of the pampas cat (Leopardus colocola; Carnivora, Felidae) reveal a complex demographic history. Genet Mol Biol. 2018; 41 (1 Suppl 1): 273-287, doi: 10.1590 / 1678-4685-GMB-2017-0079