Learn learn

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Learning to learn is a key concept in the education reform debate. This term was received nationwide by the recommendations of the German Education Council around 1970.

With learning to learn , the "ability to learn again and again" was placed at the center of considerations. At the same time "was Lifelong Learning " ( Life-long learning ) developed as a permanent purpose learning as quasi cumulative understanding of learning as a variant.

According to Leitner

As a result of the educational reform debate about learning to learn, a textbook on learning psychology of the same name was created . It was published in 1973 by the German publicist Sebastian Leitner . In particular, the method of learning with a flash card introduced in this work has since spread around the world ( vocabulary trainer ). The work has been marketed under the title How to learn to learn since the 1980s and is still being published today.

Leitner explains the necessity of not only imparting content to learners in school , university and work , but also methods of how this content can be learned as quickly and sustainably as possible.

He names the transition of learning content from ultra- short-term memory to short-term memory and from there to long-term memory as a decisive reason why so much of what has been learned is forgotten again. Another is the “ineffective” repetition of what has already been learned: You repeat what you have learned that you have forgotten and what you remember, without distinction , wasting valuable learning time (see also spaced repetition ). The learning environment, including its potential for distraction, has a major impact.

In Learning to Learn , Leitner explains how learning must be done with all the senses and various tricks in order to be successful. The key technique for implementing his theory is the learning card he has developed.

But it is also important to quickly find the learning content such as vocabulary in long-term memory when it is needed - for example in a speaking situation or an exam. Here too, learning to learn provides tricks. The method is described in the specialist literature as being too closely related to vocabulary training.

Advanced theory

In the more recent literature, learning to learn in the conceptual tension between learning methods is understood as learning training as in Leitner, as a strategy of metacognition or as far-reaching principles of independent learning as in Beck / Guldimann / Zutavern. The learning strategies mentioned can be implemented in all subjects and content areas.

In 2001 Peter O. Chott gave a more precise definition of the term. He understands "learning to learn" as a slang term for "promoting methodological competence " and defines it as follows:

"Learning to learn" (LL) means learning techniques / methods / strategies and "attitudes" towards

“Attitudes” refer to emotional processes such as the joy of learning or the experience of learning. They are just as much a part of learning as the more technical strategies.

“Teaching to learn” means teaching the above techniques / methods / strategies and attitudes in the sense of a mathematical understanding . This includes a student-oriented promotion of learners.

literature

  • Erwin Beck, Titus Guldimann, Michael Zutavern: Students who learn independently. In: Erwin Beck, Titus Guldimann, Michael Zutavern (eds.): Learning independently. UVK Verlag, St. Gallen 1996, pp. 15-58.
  • Peter O. Chott: Learn to learn - teach to learn. Mathematical promotion of methodological skills in school. Weiden: Schuch 2001, ISBN 3-926931-43-4
  • Peter O. Chott, Gila Barth: Learning to learn together in school - model of a cross-school promotion of methodological competence (not only) for primary schools. (Enclosed DVD on which an educational film and teaching materials are stored.) Vögel, Stamsried 2008, ISBN 978-3-89650-265-0 .
  • Sabine Grotehusmann: The exam success . The optimal exam preparation for every type of learner. GABAL Verlag, Offenbach 2008, ISBN 978-3-89749-859-4 .
  • Astrid Kaiser: Learning by learning to learn. In: Hempel, Marlies (ed.): Learning paths of children. Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 1999, pp. 59-75.
  • Sebastian Leitner : This is how you learn to learn. ISBN 3-451-05060-9 (the classic with many practical tips).
  • Eberhardt Hofmann, Monika Löhle: Learn successfully. Efficient learning and work strategies for school, university and work. Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen, 2003, ISBN 3-8017-1825-5 .
  • Monika Löhle: Learn to learn. A guide for students. Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-8017-1920-0 .
  • Werner Metzig, Martin Schuster: Learning to learn. ISBN 3-540-44264-2 .
  • Heinz Klippert : Method training. Exercise modules for lessons. 14., revised. Edition Beltz Verlag, Weinheim 2004, ISBN 3-407-62525-1 .