libertine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term libertine (outdated also libertine , from the Latin libertinus ) means "to belong to the freedmen".

The libertine of the spirit ( French libertin d'esprit ) describes the free thinker or free spirit . Even libertarians are with her as libertinism be designated posture as supporters of freedom so designated, but they are convinced that freedom end where the one begins another.

The libertine of morals ( French libertin de mœurs ) describes a usually male person who does not feel bound by traditional moral and especially sexual norms and leads a dissolute lifestyle. Libertinage or libertinism , derived from this, denotes the morally extravagant lifestyle. Examples are the Marquis de Sade , Aleister Crowley and Giacomo Casanova .

history

In its more original, ancient meaning, the term is a group name for slaves who have been given freedom. The “Libertines” in the New Testament ( Acts 6 : 9) are Jewish prisoners of war who were released and who went to the diaspora through Roman conquest and who later had their own synagogues in Jerusalem.

In modern times, the term comes from the Spanish libertino , originally hijo de liberto, and referred to the son of a released slave.

The name was later used, e.g. B. by Catholic theologians, robbed of their original philosophical meaning and used according to the rule "a free thinker is unable to act morally" as a disparaging term for people with permissive sexual morality ("libertine") and dubious religiosity. At the same time, the term acquired a sociological connotation, in that the typical libertine was presented primarily as a young aristocrat. The detailed account of Garasse (1623) can serve as an example.

In 17th century France, many authors such as B. Théophile de Viau or Cyrano de Bergerac in trouble because they were suspected of being libertines.

Pierre Gassendi , one of the most important libertines of the Baroque, refuted parts of Descartes ' idealistic epistemological theory , including his proof of God , with his skeptical - materialistic / - atomistic work . Gassendi's teaching can be seen as a reaction to the Restoration and the fervor of the religious wars, both of which are based on a conflict between dogmatically hardened fronts. The freedom of thought of each individual becomes more focused.

See also

literature

Text output

  • Frédéric Lachèvre: Le Libertinage au XVIIe siècle. 11 volumes in 14 sub-volumes. Paris 1909-1924.
    • Volume 1,1: Le Procès du poète Théophile de Viau. Volume 1. 1909 archive.org .
    • Volume 1,2: Le Procès du poète Théophile de Viau. Volume 2. 1909 archive.org .
    • Volume 2: Disciples et Successeurs de Théophile de Viau. La Vie et les Poésies libertines inédites de Des Barreaux (1599–1673) and de Saint Pavin (1595–1670). 1911 archive.org .
    • Volume 3: Une seconde révision des Œuvres du poète Théophile de Viau.
    • Volume 4.1: Les recueils collectifs de poésies libres et satiriques publiés depuis 1600 jusqu'à la mort de Théophile (1626).
    • Volume 4.2: Supplément. 1922.
    • Volume 5: Disciples et Successeurs de Théophile de Viau. Les Œuvres libertines de Claude Le Petit. 1918 archive.org .
    • Volume 6: Disciples et Successeurs de Théophile de Viau. Les Chansons libertines de Claude de Chouvigny. Paris 1919 archive.org , archive.org (only: notice biographique).
    • Volume 7: Mélanges . Paris 1920 archive.org .
    • Volume 8.1: Les Œuvres libertines de Cyrano de Bergerac. Volume 1. Paris 1921 archive.org , archive.org (only: notice biographique).
    • Volume 8.2: Les Œuvres libertines de Cyrano de Bergerac. Volume 2. Paris 1921 archive.org , archive.org .
    • Volume 9: Disciples et Successeurs de Théophile de Viau. Les Œuvres de Jean Dehénault. 1922 archive.org .
    • Volume 10: Les Successeurs de Cyrano de Bergerac. Paris 1922 archive.org , archive.org .
    • Volume 11: Disciples et Successeurs de Théophile de Viau. Les Derniers Libertins. Paris 1924 archive.org .
  • François Garasse : La doctrine curieuse des beaux esprits de ce temps (ou pretendus tels) . Gregg, Westmead 1971, ISBN 0-576-12103-7 (2 vol., Repr. Of the Paris 1623 edition).
  • Jacques Prévot (ed.): Libertins du XVIIe siècle ( Bibliothèque de la Pléiade , 450). Gallimard , Paris 2007, ISBN 2-07-011360-4 (2 volumes).
  • Patrick Wald Lasowski (ed.): Romanciers libertins du XVIIIe siècle (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, 472). Gallimard, Paris 2002-2005, Vol. 1: 2002, ISBN 2-07-011329-9 , Vol. 2: 2005, ISBN 2-07-011570-4

Monographs

  • Martin Mulsow : The indecent scholarly republic. Knowledge, Libertinage, and Communication in the Early Modern Age . Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-476-02182-3 .
  • Peter Prange : Paradise in the boudoir. The glamor and misery of erotic libertinage in the Age of Enlightenment . Hitzeroth, Marburg 1990, ISBN 3-89398-032-6 (plus dissertation, University of Tübingen).
  • Jean Goldzink: A la recherche du libertinage . L'Harmattan, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-7475-9059-3 .

Editorships

  • Antony MacKenna (Ed.): Libertinage et philosophie au XVIIe siècle. Journée d'étude .

Web links

Wiktionary: Libertine  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. a b The Brockhaus in one volume . ISBN 978-3-7653-1683-8
  2. a b Octavio Paz : The double flame, love and eroticism . ISBN 3-518-22200-7 , p. 31