Linguistic synergetics

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The aim of linguistic synergetics (also: synergetic linguistics , linguistic synergetics ) is to propose and empirically check the interaction of as many language laws as possible in a uniform system. To the extent that this succeeds, a new concept of language theory will emerge . The linguistic synergetics thus fulfills a central concern of the newer quantitative linguistics influenced by Gabriel Altmann . Reinhard Köhler has dedicated a whole series of works to its elaboration .

An elementary concept

In its simplest form, this concept is presented as Koehler's control loop , in which the following relationships apply: The more frequent words are, the shorter they are; the shorter words are, the more different meanings they have ;; the more different meanings words have, the more different texts they appear in; The more words appear in texts, the more common they are overall. This simple control loop closes here (Köhler & Altmann 1986). This basic model does not apply to individual words, but only to a large, representative set of words. In the meantime, it has been enriched with a number of other connections (Köhler 1986; Hammerl 1991). It can be proven that the length of words in a language depends on the size of its phoneme inventory . The semantic properties of the words ( polysemy , synonymy ) are also linked to their length. It has also been shown that the polysemy of words varies according to their age: the older words are, the greater their polysemy tends to be. The role of language functions , called “system requirements” here, has also been included in the model. It has proven itself in a large number of studies and could also be applied to non-linguistic subjects.

Examples of control loops

Several control loops have been developed: The application to the German (Köhler 1986) and the Polish lexic (Hammerl 1991) has already been mentioned; the Japanese lexicon was edited accordingly. The model of the control loop could also be transferred to the morphology. Köhler (1999) developed a corresponding concept for the area of ​​syntax. Recently, a similar control loop has been created for the syllable, in which, among other things, the syllable frequency and length, the word length and the frequency of syllable types are included. Zörnig & Altmann have presented a control loop for the influences that affect the number of syllables. Such a control loop can also be created for writing and for musical objects. The concept has thus proven to be extremely successful.

Historical

George Kingsley Zipf can be named as the forerunner of modern linguistic synergetics , as Prün (1999) explains in detail. Following Köhler (1986), an interdisciplinary research project "Linguistic Synergetics" was founded in Bochum, from which, among other things, the study by Hammerl (1991) emerged.

See also

literature

  • Gabriel Altmann , Dariusch Bagheri, Hans Goebl, Reinhard Köhler, Prün, Claudia: Introduction to quantitative lexicology. Peust & Gutschmidt, Göttingen 2002. ISBN 3-933043-09-3 , chapter: Self-regulation and self-organization in the lexicon (Reinhard Köhler), pages 167-178.
  • Karl-Heinz Best : Quantitative Linguistics. An approximation . 3rd, heavily revised and expanded edition. Peust & Gutschmidt, Göttingen 2006. ISBN 3-933043-17-4 , page 21f, 128-132.
  • Karl-Heinz Best, Otto Rottmann: Quantitative Linguistics, an Invitation. RAM-Verlag, Lüdenscheid 2017. ISBN 978-3-942303-51-4 , page 20f., 136-140.
  • Rolf Hammerl: Investigations into the structure of the lexicon: construction of a lexical basic model. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, Trier 1991. ISBN 3-88476-005-X .
  • Reinhard Köhler : On linguistic synergetics: structure and dynamics of the lexicon. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1986. ISBN 3-88339-538-2 .
  • Reinhard Köhler: Bibliography of quantitative linguistics . John Benjamin, Amsterdam 1995. ISBN 90-272-3751-4 .
  • Reinhard Köhler: Synergetic Linguistics . In: Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann, Rajmund G. Piotrowski (eds.): Quantitative Linguistics - Quantitative Linguistics. An international manual. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, pages 760-774. ISBN 3-11-015578-8 .
  • Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann: Systems Theory and Linguistics . In: Zeitschrift für Semiotik 5, 1983, pages 424–431.
  • Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann: Synergetic Aspects of Linguistics . In: Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 5, 1986, pages 253-265.
  • Reinhard Köhler, Gabriel Altmann, Rajmund G. Piotrowski (Eds.) (2005): Quantitative Linguistics - Quantitative Linguistics. An international manual . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005. ISBN 3-11-015578-8 .
  • Edda Leopold: Stochastic modeling of lexical evolutionary processes. Publishing house Dr. Kovač, Hamburg 1998. ISBN 3-86064-856-X . (= Dissertation, Trier 1998.)

Web links

Wiktionary: Linguistic synergetics  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: linguistic synergetics  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: synergetic linguistics  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

swell

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from February 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de
  2. ↑ Luzzatto already pointed out this connection in 1836 with his Legge della brevità in Samuel David Luzzatto : Prolegomeni ad una grammatica ragionata della lingua Ebraica. Cartallier, Padova 1836, p. 111: “Del resto la tendenza alla brevità agisce sulle singole parole in ragione della frequenza del loro uso nel parte quotidiano; onde avvienne che i vocaboli d'un uso più frequente sogliano essere in tutte le lingue i più accorciati e più anomali. "
  3. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de
  4. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de
  5. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de
  6. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Archived copy ( memento of the original dated April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de
  7. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lql.uni-trier.de
  8. ^ Haruko Sanada: Investigations in Japanese Historical Lexicology (Revised Edition). Peust & Gutschmidt, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-933043-12-2 , Chapter: Analysis of scolarly terms using Synergetic Linguistics theory , pages 91-141.
  9. ↑ Andrea Krott: A functionally analytical model of word formation [A functional analytical model of word formation]. In: Reinhard Koehler (ed.): Corpus linguistics studies on quantitative and system Theoretical Linguistics [corpus linguistic Investigations of Quantitative and system-theoretical Linguistics] (pp 75-126.). Electronic theses at the University of Trier 2004. See http://ubt.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2004/279/pdf/04_krott.pdf
  10. ^ Reinhard Köhler: Syntactic Structures: Properties and Interrelations . In: Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 6, 1999, pages 46-57.
  11. ↑ Emmerich Kelih: The syllable in Slavic languages. Verlag Otto Sagner, Munich / Berlin / Washington DC 2012, ISBN 978-3-86688-256-0 , page 150.
  12. ^ Peter Zörnig, Gabriel Altmann: A model for the distribution of syllable types. In: Gabriel Altmann (ed.): Glottometrika 14. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, Trier 1993, pp. 190–196, model p. 191. ISBN 3-88476-081-5 .
  13. ^ Gabriel Altmann: Towards a theory of script. In: Gabriel Altmann, Fan Fengxiang (Ed.): Analyzes of Script. Properties of Characters and Writing Systems. Mouton de Gruyter 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-019641-2 , page 160.
  14. ↑ Reinhard Köhler, Zuzana Martináková-Redenková: A systems theoretical approach to language and music . In: Gabriel Altmann, Walter A. Koch (Ed.): Systems. New Paradigms for the Human Sciences . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, pages 514-546.
  15. ↑ Claudia Prün: GK Zipf's conception of language as an early prototype of synergetic linguistics. In: Journal of quantitative linguistics 6, 1999, pages 78-84.