List of artificial objects on other celestial bodies

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list summarizes man-made objects that have landed softly on another celestial body, hit or burned up in the atmosphere. Exceptions are the Moon , Venus , Mars and Mercury , for which there are separate lists .

Objects on solid surfaces

Model of the Huygens lander that landed on Titan
  1. Celestial body : Saturn's moon Titan Object : ESA Huygens
    probe On February 14, 2005 the probe landed successfully by parachute. Huygens was part of NASA's Cassini-Huygens mission .
  2. Celestial body : Asteroid Eros , Object : NEAR Shoemaker
    On February 12, 2001, the probe landed on the asteroid at the end of its mission, although it was not designed for it.
  3. Celestial body : Asteroid Itokawa , Object : marker spheres of the Hayabusa probe
    Landing of the probe on November 19, 2005 to take soil samples and return to Earth to bring the samples back. Reflective metal balls were dropped on Itokawa in support of the automatic landing. It is uncertain whether the small, lost asteroid lander Minerva and a missile used to find the asteroid floor on Itokawa have remained behind. The return container, which was carefully examined under high-purity conditions, contained a number of small particles, according to JAXA , which were subsequently examined. The tests showed that the particles definitely come from the Itokawa.
  4. Celestial body : Comet Comet 9P / Temple , Object : Impactor from Deep Impact
    On July 4, 2005, the so-called impactor , separated from the actual probe, struck in order to be able to research the material of the comet rising from the crater with cameras and instruments. The impactor was destroyed in the impact.
  5. Celestial body : Comet Churyumov-Gerassimenko , object : Philae lander of the Rosetta space probe
    On November 12, 2014, Philae landed successfully on the comet after - unplanned - after making two more “hops” after the first contact with the ground.
  6. Celestial body : Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko , object : Rosetta space probe
    On September 30, 2016, at the end of its mission, Rosetta was landed on the comet, similar to NEAR (see above). Rosetta was not built as a lander and was switched off when it touched down, but a lot of images and data could be obtained from close range during the approach.

Objects in gas planets

  1. Celestial body : Planet Jupiter , object : Galileo's daughter probe
    In July 1995, the daughter probe separated from the main probe in a distance of 82 million km from Jupiter. Their journey came to an end on December 7, 1995. At a speed of 170,000 km / h, the daughter probe dipped into Jupiter at an angle of approx. 9 °. The speed was reduced to 3,000 km / h in just two minutes, with the maximum deceleration of the probe being 230 g . The material of the heat shield was almost completely removed, with temperatures of up to 16,000 ° C occurring in the shock wave. The braking parachute opened at a pressure of around 0.35 bar .
  2. Celestial body : Planet Jupiter , object : Galileo space probe
    On September 21, 2003, Galileo was steered into Jupiter and burned up there, as the probe would later no longer have been steerable due to lack of fuel and failures of the electronics due to the high radiation dose received during the mission . There was a (small) danger that Galileo could fall on the moon Europa and contaminate it with terrestrial bacteria . This could have made future missions to research extraterrestrial life on this moon difficult.
  3. Celestial body : planet Saturn , object : space probe Cassini
    For the same consideration with regard to the moons Titan and Enceladus, it was decided to direct the Saturn probe Cassini into Saturn at the end of its mission time. On September 15, 2017 , 20 years after the start of the mission and 13 years after arriving at Saturn, Cassini burned up in its atmosphere.

See also

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Small particles found in the sample container of the HAYABUSA. JAXA, July 5, 2009, accessed July 23, 2010 .
  2. ↑ Particles brought back by Hayabusa identified as from Itokawa. JAXA, November 16, 2010, accessed November 16, 2010 .