List of the most massive stars

Stars with an estimated mass of at least 25 M _☉ are listed. The masses given are the estimated current masses, not those at the time of star formation, as the stars may have lost several dozen solar masses (e.g. due to stellar wind , coronal mass ejection, etc.).

Surname	Dimensions	Dev.	radius	Dev.	temperature	Dev.	Luminosity	Dev.
R136a1	265	${\displaystyle _{-35}^{+80}}$	35.4	${\displaystyle _{-3,6}^{+4,0}}$	53	${\displaystyle _{-3}^{+3}}$	6.94	${\displaystyle _{-0,09}^{+0,09}}$
R136a2	195	${\displaystyle _{-35}^{+35}}$	29.5	${\displaystyle _{-3,0}^{+3,3}}$	53	${\displaystyle _{-3}^{+3}}$	6.78	${\displaystyle _{-0,09}^{+0,09}}$
R136c	175	${\displaystyle _{-35}^{+40}}$	30.6	${\displaystyle _{-3,7}^{+4,2}}$	51	${\displaystyle _{-5}^{+5}}$	6.75	${\displaystyle _{-0,11}^{+0,11}}$
WR 102ka	175	${\displaystyle _{-25}^{+25}}$	k. A.		k. A.		k. A.
HD 269810	150	${\displaystyle _{-10}^{+10}}$	k. A.		52.5		6.34
VFTS 682	150		k. A.		52.5		6.5	${\displaystyle _{-0,2}^{+0,2}}$
R136a3	135	${\displaystyle _{-20}^{+25}}$	23.4	${\displaystyle _{-2,4}^{+2,7}}$	53	${\displaystyle _{-3}^{+3}}$	6.58	${\displaystyle _{-0,09}^{+0,09}}$
NGC 3603 -B	132	${\displaystyle _{-13}^{+13}}$	33.8	${\displaystyle _{-2,5}^{+2,7}}$	42	${\displaystyle _{-2}^{+2}}$	6.46	${\displaystyle _{-0,07}^{+0,07}}$
WR42e	130	${\displaystyle _{-5}^{+5}}$	k. A.		k. A.		6.35	${\displaystyle _{-0,15}^{+0,15}}$
WR 102kc	125	${\displaystyle _{-25}^{+25}}$	k. A.		k. A.		k. A.
Arches -F9	121	${\displaystyle _{-10}^{+10}}$	36.9		36.8	${\displaystyle _{-3}^{+3}}$	6.35	${\displaystyle _{-0,2}^{+0,2}}$
η Carinae A	120		180		9.4-37.2		k. A.
NGC 3603- A1a	120	${\displaystyle _{-17}^{+26}}$	29.4	${\displaystyle _{-4,3}^{+10,1}}$	42	${\displaystyle _{-2}^{+2}}$	6.39	${\displaystyle _{-0,14}^{+0,14}}$
HD 93250	118		18th		50.5		6.09	${\displaystyle _{-0,07}^{+0,07}}$
NGC 3603 -C	113	${\displaystyle _{-8}^{+11}}$	26.2	${\displaystyle _{-2,0}^{+2,1}}$	44	${\displaystyle _{-2}^{+2}}$	6.35	${\displaystyle _{-0,07}^{+0,07}}$
Arches -F1	110	${\displaystyle _{-9}^{+9}}$	41.6		33.7	${\displaystyle _{-3}^{+3}}$	6.3	${\displaystyle _{-0,2}^{+0,2}}$
Arches -F6	110	${\displaystyle _{-9}^{+9}}$	41.7		34.7	${\displaystyle _{-3}^{+3}}$	6.35	${\displaystyle _{-0,2}^{+0,2}}$
Cyg OB2-12	110	${\displaystyle _{-31}^{+23}}$	246		13.7	${\displaystyle _{-0,5}^{+0,8}}$	6.28
Sk-68 ° 137	100	${\displaystyle _{-1}^{+1}}$	k. A.		55		6.19
NGC 3603 -A1b	92	${\displaystyle _{-15}^{+16}}$	25.9	${\displaystyle _{-3,1}^{+7,2}}$	40	${\displaystyle _{-2}^{+2}}$	6.18	${\displaystyle _{-0,14}^{+0,14}}$
WOH G64	25th	${\displaystyle _{-5}^{+5}}$	1540	${\displaystyle _{-77}^{+77}}$	3.4		k. A.

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} The values ​​given are mean values.
2. ↑ All data in solar masses M _☉ .
3. ↑ All information in solar radii R _☉ .
4. ↑ All information in thousand Kelvin.
5. ↑ All data in 10 ^X times the luminosity of the sun L _☉ .
6. ↑ ^{a b} The deviations from the mean are z. B. for R136a1 with respect to the mass of 265 M _☉ (i.e. max. 345 and min. 230 M _☉ ) and with respect to the radius of 35.4 R _☉ (i.e. max. 39.4 and min. 31.8 R _☉ '). ${\displaystyle _{-35}^{+80}}$ ${\displaystyle _{-3,6}^{+4,0}}$
7. ↑ 10 ^6.94 corresponds to 8.7 million times the luminosity of the sun L _☉ .
8. ↑ ^{a b} This is the original mass. The current mass of WR 102ka is unknown, that of WR 102kc is 45 ~ 55 M _☉ .
9. ↑ ^{a b} Reg. the data of the binary star system η Carinae there is no general consensus: see EN.
10. ↑ It is possible that the HD 93250 is a binary star system: see EN.

Upper limit for the crowd

The Eddington limit and the Humphreys-Davidson limit provide clues for the maximum luminosity and thus the maximum mass that a star can have in hydrostatic equilibrium . If this limit is exceeded, the radiation pressure overcomes the hydrostatic pressure and as a result the star becomes unstable and begins to repel its outer layers, whereby it loses mass.

See also

• List of lists of stars
• List of the greatest stars
• List of the brightest stars

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} mnras.oxfordjournals.org p. 740 Table 5
2. ↑ ^{a b} arxiv.org p. 13 Table 8
3. ↑ ^{a b} iopscience.iop.org Table 1
4. ↑ ^{a b} arxiv.org p. 6 and p. 8 Table 1
5. ↑ arxiv.org
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} mnras.oxfordjournals.org p. 737 Table 4
7. ↑ arxiv.org p. 5 "≈125-135 M _☉ [..] ≈6.2−6.5 L / L _☉ "
8. ↑ ^{a b c} arxiv.org p. 6 Table 2: Columns T _∗ and R _∗
9. ↑ ^{a b c} arxiv.org p. 5 Table 1: Mean of columns M _w2 and M _w1
10. ↑ arxiv.org p. 4 "The η Car binary parameters used by us are based on several papers and taking into account the present disagreement on some of the binary parameters [..] M1 = 120 M _☉ [..] R1 = 180 R _☉ "u. P. 26 "M1 = 160 M _☉ [..] R1 = 180 R _☉ "
11. ↑ arxiv.org p. 4 "[..] lower limit of 60 R _☉ [..] a larger radius (∼240 R _☉ ) is now preferred."
12. ↑ iopscience.iop.org S. 3 "we derive a mass ratio M ₂ / M ₁ of 0.9." or "Assuming a circular orbit and a primary mass M ₁ of 47 M _☉ " and p. 5 "we provided evidence that HD 93250 is an O + O binary system."
13. ↑ usm.uni-muenchen.de
14. ↑ arxiv.org p. 9
15. ↑ aanda.org p. 6 and p. 8 Table 4
16. ↑ arxiv.org p. 10