List of strong verbs (Bavarian language)

This is an overview of the strong verbs in the Bavarian language . The following compilation is based on the historical ablaut classes , that is, according to the vowel change that takes place in the word stem; of it are respectively infinitive and past participle Perfect given for the past formation. In addition, there is a note on subjunctive formation if the stem vowel of the subjunctive forms differs from that of the infinitive. In contrast to Standard German, the i-umlaut in the present singular also occurs in the first person singular. The subjunctive is, if not stated, weakly formed (ie to bleim: i bleibat “I stayed”; formally corresponding to a hdt. Weakly formed “I stayed”).

1. Ablaut class

1st group: ei> i ( mhd. Î> i)

bite - bite ( bite, bitten )
leiddn - gliddn ( ringing, ringing )
greiffa - griffa ( grab, grabbed )
tear - grissn ( tear, tear )
riding - grittn ( riding, ridden )
shit - gschissn ( shit, shit )

2nd group: ei> ie (mhd. Î> i)

bleim - bleim ( stay, stay )
dreim - driem ( drive, driven )
leing / leicha - glieng / gliecha ( borrow, borrowed )
rhyme - griem ( rub, rubbed )
Scheim - gschiem ( bowling, bowling )
schnim - gschniem ( snow, snowed ) - also weak: gschneibt
schnein - gschnien ( cut, cut )
schreim - gschriem ( write, written )
speim - gspiem ( spit, spit )
steing - gstieng ( rise, rise )

2. Ablaut class

1st group: ia> o (mhd. Ie> o)

(The North Bavarian sometimes has either äi or oi, ui instead of ia , e.g. läign, loing, luing lie, valoisn, fruisn lose, freeze )

biang - bong ( bend, bent )
(da) frian - (da) froan ( (he) freeze, (he) freeze )
fliang - gflong (to fly, flown )
gliam - glom ( sticking, sticking = "splitting wood")
griacha - grocha ( crawl, crawled )
liang - glong ( lying, lied )
riacha - grocha ( smell, smell )
shiam - gschom ( push, push )
schiassn - gschossn ( shoot, shot )
schliaffa - gschloffa ( slept, slept = "hatch")
valian - valoan ( lose, lost )
wiang - gwong ( weigh, weighed )
ziang - zong ( pull, pulled )

2nd group: à> u (mhd. Û> o)

sàffa (mostly: i sauf) - gsuffa (to drink, to drink )

3rd group: secondary mixtures of different classes

làffa (usually: i Lauf) - gloffa ( run, ran ) - with the original participle glàffa also for the 7th Ablaut class
Scheim - gschom ( bowling, bowling ) - with the original participle gschiem also for the 1st Ablaut class

3rd Ablaut class

1st group: i> u (mhd. I> u)

brinna - brunna ( burn, burnt; intransitive ; only regionally)
dawischn - dawuschn ( caught, caught ) - also weak: dawischd
dringa (1) - drunga ( penetrate, squat )
dringa (2) - drunga ( drink, drunk )
fiachtn - gfuachtn ( fear, feared ) - also after the 2nd group: gfoachtn
gwinna - gwunna ( win, won )
rinna - grunna ( rinnen, curdled )
schindn - gschundn ( stalling, flayed )
schwimma - gschwumma ( swim, swam )
singa - gsunga ( sing, sung )
spinna - gspunna ( spinning, spun )
springa - gsprunga ( jump, jumped )
stinga - gstunga ( stink, stink )
winga - gwunga ( wave, wave )
winschn - gwunschn ( wish, wish )
zindn - zundn ( ignite, ignited )
zwinga - zwunga ( force, forced )

2nd group: ea> å / oa (mhd. Ë> o before r + consonant)

feachtn - gfoachtn ( fear, feared ) - even after the 1st group
steam (i stiab) - gståm, gstoam ( die, died )
vadeam (i vadiab) - vadåm, vadoam (to perish, corrupt )
weaffa (i wiaf) - gwåffa, gwoaffa ( throw, thrown )
weam (you wiabst) - gwåm, gwoam ( advertise, advertised )
wean (Kj. i wiad) - woan (to become, to become; present tense in combination with standard German without umlaut: you weast)

3rd group: öi / äi> ui / oi (mhd. Ë> o before l + consonant)

gäitn (des guit) - goitn or göitn - guitn ( apply, apply )
häiffa (i huif) - ghoiffa or Höiffa - ghuiffa ( help, helped )
mäiggn - gmoiggn ( milking, milked )
schäitn - gschoitn ( scolded, scolded; cursed, cursed )
schmäizn - gschmoizn or schmöizn - gschmuizn ( melting, melted )

4. Ablaut class

1st group: e> u and öi / äi> ui / oi (mhd. Ë> o before simple consonants)

nehma (i take, Kj. i nàhmad) - gnumma ( take, taken )
stöin (Kj. i stehlad) - gstuin or stäin - gstoin ( steal, stolen )

2nd group: e> o (different cases in Middle High German)

daschrecka (i daschrig) - daschrocka (to frighten, also transitive) - always in the present tense, in the perfect transitive also weak: derschreckd
dreffa (i drif) - droffa ( hit, hit )
hem - kom ( lift, lifted ) - also weak: ghebbd
kemma (i kim, Kj. i kàmad or i kàm) - kemma ( come, come )

Historical 5th, 6th and 7th Ablaut classes

1st group: Verbs with the same ablaut in infinitive and participle II (mhd. A, â, ë, ei, ô, ou, uo> a, â, ë, ei, ô, ou, uo)

bacha (i back, mia bachan, és backz) - bacha ( bake, baked ) - also weak: baggd
drång (Kj. i dràgad or i dragad / drågad) - drång (to carry, carried )
eischåiddn - eigschåiddn ( switch on, switched on )
essn (i iß) - gessn ( eat, eaten )
fagessn (i vagiß) - fagessn ( forget, forget )
fåin (Kj. i fallad) - gfåin ( fall, fallen )
fressn (i friß) - gfressn ( eat, eaten )
gem (i gib, Kj. i gàbad or i gàb) - gem ( give, given )
gråm - gråm ( dig, dug )
hoaßn - ghoaßn (to be called, called )
làffa - glàffa or gloffa ( run, run )
lån - glån ( load, loaded )
låssn - låssn ( let, let ) - meaning "fart": glåssn (also after the infinitive: "he has oan fahrn glåssn"), otherwise in contrast to Hdt. always "låssn", whether with an infinitive or not
lesn (i lies) - glesn ( read, read )
måin (i mahlad) - gmåin ( grind, ground )
måin (i malad) - gmåin ( paint, painted )
messn (i miß) - gmessn ( measure, measured )
ruaffa (Kj. i riaffat) - gruaffa ( call, called )
sleepa - gschlaffa ( sleep, slept )
sèng (i sig, Kj. i sàgad) - gsèng ( see, seen )
grow - grow ( grow, grow )
waschn - gwaschn ( wash, washed )

2nd group: special cases (mhd. I> ë; ê> a)

biddn - been ( ask, asked; invite, invited ) - also weak: bidd or for once with a clearly audible unstressed e: biddet
ling (Kj. i làgad) - gleng ( lying, lying )
sit - gsessn ( sit, sit )
go (i gäh, Kj. i gàngad (ad) or rarely i gàng) - ganga ( go, gone; historically to the 7th ablaut class)
stand (i stäh, Kj. i stêgad or rarely i stàndad) - gstandn ( stand, stood; historically to the 6th ablaut class)

special cases

Bringa - Bracht ( bring brought; historically not Ablaut, but a return umlaut )
doa (i dua, mia dean / dàn, és deaz / dàz, de dàn, Kj. i dàd or i dàdad) - dô ( do; historically outside the ablaut classes. "dàd" is almost always instead of hdt. "would" used for the periphrastic subjunctive)
sei (i am, you are, he is, mia san, és saz, de sand) - war (Kj. i wàr, i wàrad) - gwen ( sein; historically consisting of three roots. Past tense is developed, but narrative time is also here perfect)

Weak verbs

Only those are named who, in contrast to Standard German, are weak or have no umlaut.

aufhebbm - aufhebbd (to cancel ) - also strong: aufhoom
bagga - baggd (to bake ) - also strong: bagga
biddn - bidd ( ask, invite ) - also strong: been
brenna - burning ( burning ), see above
denga - denggd ( think )
fanga - gfangd (to catch )
Hawa - ghaud ( cut )
henga - ghenggd ( hang )
Scheina - gscheind ( to shine, from the light ) - “to appear” does not normally mean Scheina