Toll mill

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A toll mill or wage mill was a mill in which you could grind against payment of a toll (fee, levy).

The meal wages mostly consisted of a portion of grain , the so-called muzzle . Since the building of mills was often reserved for the landlords or the local conditions did not allow mills everywhere, there were one or more toll mills in many places. Farmers who did not have their own chamber mill had to have their grain harvest ground in the toll mills due to the pressure to mill. This type of mill was widespread until the 20th century.

Exchange milling was a special form . The supplier hands over his grain for grinding and immediately receives back similar ground grain. He also only pays for the grinding. In rural areas, exchange milling was of great economic importance for the craft mills until the beginning of the 20th century.

Another accounting procedure has been handed down for the Ölper Mühle in Braunschweig: Since the mill was in front of the city gates and the citizens had to take the grain there, this was only possible by purchasing a so-called Metteteken from the city's customs clerk. With this they passed the city gate and gave it to the miller. He kept the notes in a Zisekiste and redeemed them for money at the customs clerk.

In the 19th century, contract milling was replaced by the predominantly industrially operated commercial milling.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann Nolte: History of the mill Rüningen Aktiengesellschaft , in: Wilhelm Bornstedt: Chronik des Pfahldorfes Rüningen , Braunschweig 1980, p. 145.
  2. ^ Daniel Schneider: The mill trade in the county of Sayn-Altenkirchen , in: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Altenkirchen, 59 (2016), pp. 219-237.
  3. ^ Daniel Schneider: The history of the local community Obererbach (Westerwald) , Obererbach (Westerwald) 2009, Vol. II, pp. 830-833 on the exchange milling using the example of the mill in Niedererbach in the Westerwald.
  4. ↑ Hans Lindemann: ÖLPER - The history of a Braunschweig stake village . Orphanage printing and publishing house, Braunschweig 1977, ISBN 3-87884-008-X , p. 105 ff .