Müllner Schanze
The Müllner Schanze is a defensive structure from the first half of the 17th century at the northern end of the Mönchsberg in the city of Salzburg and was laid out under Prince Archbishop Paris Lodron as part of the fortifications of the city of Salzburg at that time . As part of the Lodron city wall, together with the closest Klausentor in the north-west, it secured the city from a possible enemy attack. In the outer works, the Müllner Schanze covers the north of the Mönchsberg and ends in the east with the Klausenkavalier (today Humboldtterrasse), in the west with the Johanneskavalier (under the Johannisschlössl).
history
In 1621, under the direction of the well-known master builder Santino Solari, the lowest fortification was built. The mountain was worked on in such a way that evenly sloping steep flanks were created up to Müllner Hauptstrasse and Augustinergasse. In 1622 and 1623 the Augustiner gate was first built above the lower hill. In 1638 Archbishop Paris Lodron finally built the lower Monikapforte to complement and strengthen the Augustinian gate. The nearest church in Mülln is dedicated to St. Augustine of Hippo , which is why the name after this ancient church father is understandable. The Saint Monica is known to be the mother of St. Augustine. The two Catholic saints were supposed to symbolically strengthen the old defense system against an attack by the hostile (Protestant) armies.
In front of the walls of this weir system, a new, deep trench 7 to 10 m wide was created by removing the conglomerate rock to strengthen it. At the end of the Thirty Years' War, the fortification was secured by three fortification levels staggered in height.
In 1895, the bankers Karl Leitner and Basilius von Paschkoff built today's driveway to the Mönchsberg, which runs right through the old fortification, which seriously impaired the old fortification of the Müllner gate. Shortly after 1860 an initially narrow and later widened by Paschkoff driveway had been laid out in front of the Monikapforte with a lower incline than before.
The Müllner Schanze today
In the last few years the restoration of the old weir system has been called for. A short section of the road to Mönchsberg is to be run as a tunnel under the old ramparts. Today the Müllner Schanze is unique as a three-tier weir system north of the Alps and is therefore of particular cultural and historical significance. The lower, extensive weir ditch is currently only partially visible below the gate bridge to the Monikapforte, although here too the weir ditch is a good 4 m filled in. Otherwise this ditch was almost completely filled in. Most of it could easily be restored in the course of a restoration. When a tunnel is being built, the very annoying road ramp up to five meters high on the middle entrenchment can also be removed.
literature
- Reinhard Medicus: The Müllner Schanze and the Thirty Years War. In: Bastei magazine of the Salzburg City Association, series 2005/1
Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 16.3 ″ N , 13 ° 2 ′ 6.7 ″ E