Munzenberg (Quedlinburg)

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Munzenberg, aerial photo (2017)
The Munzenberg in Quedlinburg
Street on the Munzenberg
western access to the Munzenberg at house number 36 around 1900
View of the Munzenberg in 1905
Street, on the left House Munzenberg 65
Munzenberg, 1950

The Munzenberg is a district of Quedlinburg .

location

It consists of around 65 mostly two-story half - timbered houses , which were built on the mountain of the same name west of Quedlinburg's old town and offer a wide view over Quedlinburg and the Harz foreland. In the south-eastern part there is a rectangular block of houses that surrounds the area of ​​a former monastery church.

Surname

The meaning of the name is unclear. A mint does not seem to have been on the mountain, so that such a name origin is unlikely. Around the year 1000 the elevation was known as mons occidentalis (German: western mountain ). In the 13th century it was mentioned as Montsingeberg and Muntzingeberg , then in 1314 as Unzingeberg .

history

According to the established archaeological finds, the area around the Munzenberg had been inhabited since the 5th millennium before the beginning of our era. The slope to the Mühlgraben was inhabited by people of the linear ceramic culture in the Neolithic Age.

In 1968, extensive finds were made during earthworks, which prove that the area was used in the 10th century and continued use into the 12th century. In the 1950s, when the first water pipes were laid, a stone head niche coffin was found. Later work led to the discovery of a grave pit sunk into the rock on the Munzenberg No. 4 property . Further, medieval body burials were found in front of houses 17 and 18.

The reason for the development of the settlement on the Munzenberg was the foundation and establishment of a Benedictine convent and the St. Mary's Church . The monastery and church were donated during the tenure of the first abbess (of the monastery) Mathilde in 986 in the immediate vicinity of the Ottonian royal court on the neighboring Schlossberg. The monastery was completed in 995. Partly destroyed by a lightning strike in 1015, the reconstruction was already completed in 1017.

This monastery lasted until the Peasants' War or the Reformation , which was introduced in Quedlinburg in 1539 under the rule of Abbess Anna II . The monastery was abandoned and the church treasury was transferred to the collegiate church. Some of the sisters lived in the buildings until they died. Incidentally, this monastery stood empty for a few decades and fell into disrepair. It was partly used as a quarry.

Settled by craftsmen, traveling people and musicians from around 1580. Elisabeth II. Von Reinstein , abbess of the free world women's monastery, allowed the poor to colonize the Munzenberg. Because it was mostly people who did not belong to the common bourgeois trades, the Quedlinburgers were not very happy about the new neighborhood and for a long time "Münzenberger" was almost a dirty word in Quedlinburg. Allegedly, the münzenberg freshly baked fathers are said to have held their newborns out of the window and said: “Everything you see is denne, don't let yourself be faded!” (Everything you see is yours, you just can't get caught!) It should the custom also existed of holding a trumpet and a coin over the cradle for newborns. If the child reaches for the trumpet it will become a musician, if it reaches for the coin it will become a thief. A separate vocabulary developed on the Munzenberg .

The new residents of the Munzenberg built their little half-timbered houses in the midst of the ruins of the monastery. Building materials from the collapsed buildings were used for the construction. The walls that had been preserved were also incorporated into the new houses. The dense construction and inadequate water supply led to many fire disasters. In 1600, 1608, 1609, 1611, 1615, 1677 and 1699 there were major fires on the Munzenberg.

In 1716 the pastor Elias Andreas Goeze founded a school in what is now the Munzenberg 2 house , which was built according to a building inscription that year. He wanted to counteract the spiritual neglect criticized in a visitation report . About 250 people lived on the Munzenberg. Goeze also had a well cleared out, but it was filled with rubbish again a short time later. A widow's house and orphanage set up by Abbess Marie Elisabeth von Holstein-Gottorp , in which wool and textiles were produced, did not last long. In the 19th century, a fire station was added to the Munzenberg town hall . The Munzenberg was subordinate to the Frauenstift on the Schlossberg until 1810 and was then incorporated into Quedlinburg.

The water supply was difficult. For a long time the water was fetched in buckets from the mill ditch running at the foot of the mountain. Up to the middle of the 20th century, the water supply was then carried out with pump pumps . Only in the years 1993 to 1995 was the settlement connected to the central water and sewage supply.

After the political turning point in 1989 , the historical building fabric was largely renovated. On December 8, 2011, a fire broke out in which the historic half-timbered house Münzenberg 30 was destroyed and the neighboring buildings 29 and 31 were damaged.

Museum of St. Mary's Monastery Church

Preserved interior of the former west crypt

The St. Mary's Monastery Church Museum is currently under construction, but can already be visited. St. Marien contains all the important elements of an Ottonian basilica (apse, transept, three-nave nave and west building). Erected in 986, it was used as the church of the Benedictine monastery until 1536 and then rededicated for various residential buildings. In 1994, the surgery professor Siegfried Behrens and his wife bought one of the houses and in the following years added additional acquisitions to make the complex accessible as a museum. In 2006 the St. Marien Monastery Church Foundation was established on the Munzenberg and three of the houses were transferred to the German Foundation for Monument Protection . The museum was awarded the Romanesque Prize of Saxony-Anhalt .

In a tour is u. a. The west crypt, the anteroom to the former nuns gallery with some exhibited small finds, the inner courtyard, the east crypt, the basement of the south tower and a burial place with a small museum shop can be visited. In the burial place there are two so-called head niche graves . The main entrance is from the house of Münzenberg 4.

In 2014, 16,853 guests visited the remains of the monastery church, 2,722 of them as part of organized tours of the city guides.

Architectural monuments

The Munzenberg is registered in the Quedlinburg monument register. In addition, several houses are listed as individual monuments, such as the Munzenberg buildings 8 , 31 , 50 , 54 and 60 . In addition, the group of houses in the Munzenberg 2-8, 10-13, 15, 16, 65 building on top of the St. Mary's Church is also separately listed.

literature

  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments of Saxony-Anhalt (Ed.): List of monuments in Saxony-Anhalt. Volume 7: Falko Grubitzsch, with the participation of Alois Bursy, Mathias Köhler, Winfried Korf, Sabine Oszmer, Peter Seyfried and Mario Titze: Quedlinburg district. Volume 1: City of Quedlinburg. Fly head, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-910147-67-4 , page 186 f.
  • Christa Rienäcker, Münzenberg , Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2001, ISBN 3-89870-032-1
  • Winfried Korf, The Munzenberg in Quedlinburg (edition metropolis 1). Quedlinburg 1998. ISBN 3-932906-01-2
  • Flyer "Foundation Monastery Church St. Marien auf dem Münzenberg" of the German Foundation for Monument Protection

Web links

Commons : Munzenberg (Quedlinburg)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christa Rienäcker: Münzenberg , Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2001, ISBN 3-89870-032-1 , page 14
  2. ^ Hans-Hartmut Schauer: Quedlinburg, Fachwerkstatt / Weltkulturerbe , Verlag Bauwesen Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-345-00676-6 , page 147
  3. ^ Uwe Kraus: Münzenberg in Quedlinburg: Museum for the former monastery church Mitteldeutsche Zeitung from June 18, 2015

Coordinates: 51 ° 47 '  N , 11 ° 8'  E