Mahram
The term Mahram or Mehram ( Arabic محرم, DMG maḥram , Turkish Mahrem ) denotes a relationship in Islam in which marriage / sexual intercourse is viewed as harām or persons from whom a Muslim woman does not have to cover her ʿ aura , i.e. she does not have to wear a hijab or something similar in public .
Persons between whom marriage is prohibited
Blood relatives
- Parents, grandparents and their ancestors (equivalent to children, grandchildren and their descendants)
- Siblings and their descendants (equivalent to siblings of the parents)
In sura an-Nūr verse 31 it is listed, from which persons (= mahram) a woman does not have to cover herself:
"And tell the believing women that they should cast their eyes to the ground and maintain their chastity and not wear their jewelry - except for what may be visible, and that they should wrap their shawls around their clippings and their jewelry not to reveal before any other than their husbands or fathers or the fathers of their husbands or their sons or the sons of their husbands or their brothers or the sons of their brothers or sons of their sisters or their wives or those who are legally possessed , or those of their male servants who no longer have sex drive, and the children who pay no heed to the nakedness of women. And they should not stamp their feet (on the ground) in such a way that it becomes known what they are hiding of their jewelry. And all of you repentantly turn to Allah, O believers, that you may be successful. "
Mahram by law (by law)
- Parents, grandparents of the spouse and their ancestors
- Spouse of children
Milk relationship (Raḍāʿ)
This occurs when a mother breastfeeds a non-biological child. This stands with her and all other relatives z. B. own children, children of breastfeeding women, etc. in the same proportion as blood relatives.
In the Qur'an this is dealt with in Sura An-Nisa verses 22-23:
“You are forbidden (for marriage) your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father sisters and mother sisters, your brother daughters and sister sisters, your nursing mothers who have breastfed you and your milk sisters and the mothers of your wives and your stepdaughters who are in yours Protections are from your wives with whom you have (the marital relationship). However, if you have not yet done this with them, it is not a sin. Also, the wives of your sons of your parentage, and you should not have two sisters together unless (it has) already happened. See, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. "
Accompaniment on longer trips
Theoretically, a Muslim woman should be accompanied by a mahram on a longer journey (usually longer than 24 hours). This is primarily to protect against harassment, assaults and the like. happen.
The woman is explicitly required to be accompanied by a mahram during the Hajj :
“No (strange) man is allowed to retire with a (strange) woman and a woman is only allowed to travel with a mahram. “A man stood up and said:“ O Messenger of Allah, I have registered to take part in the battles of so and so and so and so, and my wife has already set out as a pilgrim! ”The Prophet said to him:“ Go after (her) and make the pilgrimage with your wife! "
literature
- Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad Saed: Islam. Questions and Answers - Jurisprudence and Islamic Rulings. MSA Publication Limited, London 2007, pp. 22-23.
Individual evidence
- Quran Sura 24 verse 31
- Quran Sura 4 verses 22/23
- Saheeh al-Buchari hadith no.3006