Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II

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Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II ( Chinese  國語 注音 符號 第二 式 , MPS2 or MPS II for short ) is a transcription system for the Chinese script .

The Romanization process was developed in the Republic of China (Taiwan) and was intended to replace the Gwoyeu Romatzyh , which has been official since 1928, but has hardly been used in practice . MPS II - the name is based on the transcription system Zhuyin ( Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I ) developed in 1912 and not based on Latin letters - was introduced to the public in 1984 and made official transcription in 1986.

Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II also failed to establish itself in practice and was not used consistently even in government publications. A variant of the Wade-Giles system (perceived as inadequate) also dominated . Outside of Taiwan, the new system went almost completely unnoticed.

In 2002, with Tongyong Pinyin, a revised version of Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II was introduced, but this was also not accepted.In 2009, Taiwan finally introduced Hanyu Pinyin, which was developed in the People's Republic of China , introduced there in 1956 and is now internationally established, as the official Romanization procedure.

Writing rules

The spelling of the initial and most of the final sounds is the same as Gwoyeu Romatzyh (GR). Overall, MPS II differs from GR as well as Hanyu Pinyin and Tongyong Pinyin as follows:

Hanyu Pinyin MPS II GR 1 Tongyong Pinyin
j, q, x j, ch, sh j, ch, sh j, c, s
zh, ch, sh, r j, ch, sh, r j, ch, sh, r jh, ch, sh, r
z, c, s tz, ts, s tz, ts, s z, c, s
w-, y (i) - w-, y (i) - u-, i- w-, y (i) -
-ü 2 , yu 3 -iu, yu 3 iu 4 yu 4
-ao, -ong -au, -ung -au, -ong -ao, -ong
-iong, yong 3 -iung, yung 3 iong 4 yong 4
-closely -closely -closely -eng, -ong 5
-iu, -ui -iou, -uei -iou, -uei -iu, -ui 6
-un 7 who -uen who -uen 4 -un, wun
zhi, chi, shi, ri jr, chr, shr, r jy, chy, shy, ry jhih, chih, shih, rih
zi, ci, si tz, tsz, sz tzy, tsy, sy zih, cih, sih
he he el he
annotation
1) Basic form of the end (1st tone)
2)The ü sound is written in Hanyu Pinyin after the letters j, q, x without the dots on the ü . In these cases too, MPS II and GR write -iu and Tongyong Pinyin yu .
3) Spelling at the beginning of the syllable and standing alone
4) Is always written like this, not just at the beginning of the syllable or standing alone.
5)after b, p, m, f, w
6)The spelling -iou and -uei is also optional .
7)Not affected are jun, qun, xun , where the u denotes the ü sound. For example, Hanyu Pinyin is qun in MPS II and GR as chiun and Tongyong Pinyin as cyun written.

See also

Web links