Manifesto of the Racist Scientists

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The Manifesto of the racist scientists (ital .: Manifesto degli scienzati razzisti or short Manifesto della razza ) is a commissioned Mussolini by Italian anthropologists earned Guido Landra and other scientists pseudoscientific basis paper anonymously on July 14, 1938 at the Il Giornale d'Italia published and is viewed as the founding document of the fascist state anti-Semitism .

history

In February 1938 Mussolini commissioned the young anti-Semitic and fascist anthropologist Guido Landra (1913–1980) to formulate the foundations of fascist racial politics with other scholars. With the help and support of nine other scholars, a policy paper in the form of a Decalogue was created , which in essential points showed Mussolini's handwriting. It was published anonymously in Il Giornale d'Italia on July 14, 1938 under the title Fascism and the Problems of the Race , and on July 25 a press release by the National Fascist Party (PNF) appeared in which ten scholars as authors and supporters and the Italian Ministry of Popular Culture as sponsor.

The scientists Lino Businco, Lidio Cipriani, Leone Franzi, Guido Landra, Marcello Ricci, Artuso Donaggio, Nicola Pende , Franco Savorgnan, Sabato Visco and Eduardo Zavattari were named as authors and supporters .

The process is particularly important in three points:

  1. The drafting and publication of the manifesto coincided with the preparation of the Italian racial laws .
  2. In the manifesto , a völkisch biological principle was raised to the guiding principle of fascist racism and anti-Semitism.
  3. The manifesto made the fascist positions on the racial question compatible with those of National Socialism .

content

The Decalogue was based on the inequality and inequality of races based on biological criteria of differentiation. There is a razza italiana of Aryan origin that has remained "pure" for thousands of years and should not mix with races of non-European origin. The Jewish race is not of European origin and is fundamentally different from the Italian.

Ratings

The Swiss historian Aram Mattioli described the "work" as the founding document of fascist state anti-Semitism. The Italian historian and Mussolini biographer Renzo De Felice viewed the scholars' signing of the document as one of the worst and shabbiest episodes of the fascist era from a scientific, political and moral standpoint.

literature

  • Renzo De Felice: The Jews in Fascist Italy . Enigma Books 2001, ISBN 1-929631-01-4 .
  • Aram Mattioli: Fascist Italy - An Unknown Apartheid Regime . Ed .: Micha Brumlik, Susanne Meinl and Werner Renz, published in Legal Injustice: Racist Law in the 20th Century , Campus 2005, ISBN 3-593-37873-6 , pp. 155–178.
  • Thomas Schlemmer and Hans Woller: Italian Fascism and the Jews 1922 to 1945 . Quarterly issues for contemporary history, 2005 issue 2, p. 165 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Schlemmer and Hans Woller: Italian Fascism and the Jews 1922 to 1945 . P. 179.
  2. ^ Renzo De Felice: The Jews in Fascist Italy . P. 264.
  3. ^ Renzo de Felice: The Jews in Fascist Italy . P. 264.
  4. ↑ Thomas Schlemmer and Hans Woller: Italian Fascism and the Jews 1922 to 1945 . P. 179.
  5. ↑ Thomas Schlemmer and Hans Woller: Italian Fascism and the Jews 1922 to 1945 . P. 180.
  6. ^ Aram Mattioli: Fascist Italy - An Unknown Apartheid Regime . P. 169.
  7. ^ Renzo De Felice: The Jews in Fascist Italy . P. 265.