Marcion priority

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The Marcion priority has received increasing attention in theological discussion since the 19th century.

A "Marcion Gospel" based on the canonical Gospel texts or the Gospel of Luke has been discussed since the 19th century. Markus Vinzent (2014) emphasized the importance of the Marcionite Gospel.

Matthias Klinghardt (2015) postulated the reversal of the textual relationships, with “Mcn” as a pre- canonical and, above all, pre-Lucanian text received by Markion, to which all canonical Gospels refer. For the first time an additional source would be available for the transmission history of the synoptic gospels, "Mcn" from the 2nd century would become the primary source of all subsequent canonical gospels.

Reconstructed "Marcion Gospel" and the synoptic problem

Model of the relation between the Marcion Gospel and the Synoptics according to Matthias Klinghardt (2015); blue arrows: strong dependence, gray arrows: weaker dependence.

All information that could be gathered about Marcion comes exclusively from the works and texts of his opponents. According to Klinghardt, the main witnesses against the supposed heresy of Marcion are Tertullian , Epiphanius and "Adamantius". Your statements are the most viable source material , which, although it does not allow a complete reconstruction of the Gospel of Marcion ("Mcn"), provides reliable information for the reconstruction. In addition to these three main sources, there are other patristic sources that only offer a few, uncontrollable and thus uncertain, unusable references to the “Mcn”. Thus, the statements regarding the relationship between source and reconstruction should only be understood in such a way that Tertullian, Epiphanius and "Adamantius" etc. explained or indicated that this or that text passages were in a corresponding way in "Marcion's Gospel".

There have been intensive discussions since the 19th century about the temporal and historical relationship between a reconstructed “Marcion Gospel” and the other four Gospels or the Gospel according to Luke. Both Dieter T. Roth and Matthias Klinghardt each presented a reconstruction of the Marcionite Gospel in 2015. Although both pursued different objectives and proceeded from different methodological requirements and used different criteria when creating the reconstruction, the result was an attempt to reconstruct the “Gospel according to Marcion”.

Klinghardt's goal went beyond the actual reconstruction; he tried to solve the synoptic problem through the reconstruction and to find an answer to the question of the direction of processing between the Gospel according to Luke and the reconstructed Gospel of Marcion. To this end, he related textual criticism and the history of transmission to one another and developed a comprehensive model of the history of transmission. The reconstruction of the Marcionite Gospel ("Mcn") took on a control and evidence function. The decision in favor of the “Marcion priority” was the basis for all further considerations at Klinghardt.

The thesis of the “Marcion priority” had further consequences. Because if "Mcn" was the most important source of canonical Luke, the question of the course of the synoptic tradition arose completely new. Since “Mcn” originated before the Gospel of Luke, and was therefore older and was used and edited by him as his main source, an additional source would be available for the first time for the transmission history of the Synoptic Gospels . It would then be in contrast to the logical source Q, which can only be inferred hypothetically on the basis of a methodical postulate in the horizon of the two-source theory . This would make the Marcion Gospel from the 2nd century the primary source of all subsequent canonical gospels; the "Markus priority" would be replaced by "Marcion priority", the assumption of a logia source would be superfluous.

The Marcion priority also implies a model of the late dating of the New Testament Gospels to the 2nd century - a thesis that goes back to David Trobisch , who in the 1996 habilitation thesis accepted in Heidelberg , the conception or thesis of an early, uniform final editing of the New Testament canon in the 2nd century . Century represented.

See also

Remarks

  1. ^ Markus Vinzent: Marcion and the Dating of the Synoptic Gospels. Studia Patristica Supplements 2, Peeters, Leuven 2014, ISBN 9042930276 , p. 277 f.
  2. ↑ Paul A. Himes, Baptist College of Ministry (WI, USA) A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism, 2015, book review Markus Vinzent: Marcion and the Dating of the Synoptic Gospels. Studia Patristica Supplement 2, Peeters, Louven 2014, pp. 287-294; 274 ( PDF; 101 KB, 5 pages on jbtc.org)
  3. ^ Matthias Klinghardt: The oldest gospel and the origin of the canonical gospels. Investigation - reconstruction - translation - variants. 2 volumes. Francke, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7720-8549-9 , p. 22, p. 175 f., P. 191.
  4. ↑ see also Marcionite Gospel
  5. ^ Matthias Klinghardt: The oldest gospel and the origin of the canonical gospels. Investigation - reconstruction - translation - variants. 2 volumes. Francke Verlag, Tübingen 2015, p. 191.
  6. ^ Ulrich Schmid: Marcion and his Apostolos. Reconstruction and historical classification of the Marcionite edition of St. Paul. Work on New Testament Text Research Volume 25, De Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 978-3-11-088934-5 , p. 6.
  7. ^ Matthias Klinghardt: The oldest gospel and the origin of the canonical gospels. Investigation - reconstruction - translation - variants. 2 volumes. Francke, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7720-8549-9 , pp. 41-55.
  8. ^ For example, Irenaeus of Lyon , Isidore of Pelusium , Justin the Martyr , Ephrem the Syrian , Filastrius of Brescia , Rufinus of Aquileia and Origen .
  9. ^ Matthias Klinghardt: The oldest gospel and the origin of the canonical gospels. Investigation - reconstruction - translation - variants. 2 volumes. Francke, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7720-8549-9 , p. 55.
  10. ^ Dieter T. Roth: The Text of Marcion's Gospel. New Testament Tools, Studies and Documents, Volume 49, Brill, Leiden / Boston 2015.
  11. ^ Matthias Klinghardt: The oldest gospel and the origin of the canonical gospels. Investigation - reconstruction - translation - variants. 2 volumes. Francke, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7720-8549-9 .
  12. ^ Daniel Dalke: Comparison of the reconstructions of the Mcn by Roth and Klinghardt - results. Posted June 11, 2018 on Eastern Non-Interpolations. Digital Humanities and New Testament in Saxony enipolatio.hypotheses.org
  13. ↑ Mogens Müller, Heike Omerzu: Gospel Interpretation and the Q-Hypothesis. Bloomsbury Publishing, London / New York / Sydney / Delhi 2018, ISBN 978-0-567-67004-5 .
  14. ^ Matthias Klinghardt: The oldest gospel and the origin of the canonical gospels. Investigation - reconstruction - translation - variants. 2 volumes. Francke, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-7720-8549-9 , pp. 191, 183.
  15. ↑ David Trobisch : The final editing of the New Testament: an investigation into the origin of the Christian Bible. Universitäts-Verlag, Freiburg, Switzerland; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1996, zugl .: Heidelberg, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 1994, ISBN 3-525-53933-9 (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht), ISBN 3-7278-1075-0 (Univ.-Verl .) (= Novum testamentum et orbis antiquus 31).
  16. ↑ Jan Heilmann, Matthias Klinghardt (Ed.): The New Testament and its text in the 2nd century. (TANZ 61), Narr Francke Attempto, Tübingen 2018, p. 9.