Market Church Kettwig
The Evangelical Market Church is a listed church building in Kettwig , a district of Essen .
History and architecture
The place where today's church stands roughly corresponds to the place where Kettwig's first settlement stood. The protected area is elevated and is close to the Ruhr, which had a ford here, so that there was also a connection to the other bank. The parish of Katwie is probably an original parish from the time after 713, the missionary work of Suitbert . The parish is first mentioned in a document in 1199. The abbot of Werden had the right of patronage. Like most parish churches in the region, the church was probably a three-aisled basilica with a square tower in front of it. The parish district was quite large. The knight seats Landsberg and Hugenpoet in the Honschaft Laupendahl belonged to her.
The church had the patronage of St. Peter. The image of the apostle Peter in the seal of Ev. Parish - the oldest surviving impression is from 1662 - and the tower cock still remind us today of the pre-Reformation church of St. Peter. This previous church burned down in 1589, 1598 and in the Thirty Years War in 1648. In 1719 the building was deteriorating so far that a new building was necessary. The simple barrel-vaulted quarry stone hall was built in 1720 with a small polygonal apse . The interior is 22.00 m × 14.00 m × 11.40 m in size, the outer structure measures 24.60 m × 16.40 m × 18.70 m and the wall thickness is 1.30 / 1.20 m. The church was a typical Reformed sermon church with large arched windows . The west tower in front of it under a steep slate pyramid was probably built at the beginning of the 13th century. On April 2, 1945, a shell hit the west side of the church roof. The destruction could not be repaired immediately because of the circumstances of the time. The damage was even greater due to the weather. The repairs began at the end of 1945. The plaster was removed from the interior, which was originally white , and the masonry was made visible. The original wooden barrel ceiling was demolished and replaced by the current trellis lath ceiling with rough plaster. The plastering of the inner walls had to be removed and the masonry made of Ruhr sandstone was made visible. The floor was laid with Main sandstone slabs. The slate roof was renewed in the 1980s, so the last effects of the war damage were removed. The last extensive renovation was completed in 2006, the impending decay of the Ruhr sandstone masonry was stopped.
The name Kirche am Markt has established itself because it enables an exact geographical classification in Kettwig and at the same time excludes any confusion with the market church in Essen city center.
Reformation time
At the time of the Reformation, Kettwig belonged to the territory of the abbot of Werden . The place was on the border with the Duchy of Berg , to which Mintard belonged. Since the Bailiwick of Werden was claimed by the Counts of the Mark , these (since the unification of 1511, the Dukes of Jülich-Kleve-Berg , Counts of the Mark and Ravensberg) acted as protecting powers. Some princes of these houses turned to the Protestant faith and so the denomination could change from prince to prince. After the Jülich-Kleve-Berg line died out in 1609, Brandenburg inherited Mark, Kleve and Ravensberg and took on this task for the Werden area. In addition, it was the protective power of the Protestants in the areas that Pfalz-Neuburg had inherited. - Pastor Hermann Kremer, who was in office in the 16th century, received the pastor's post because of his reformed ideas. Kremer was pastor in Kettwig from 1552 to 1601, he was also involved in the Essen Reformation Confession of 1592, so pastor Grimhold was appointed to the community by the authorities. He should stop the Reformation ideas and bring the church back to the right faith. However, he made friends with the new doctrine and converted to the Reformed faith with the community on Corpus Christi 1609. The simple interior design of the church and the Geuse angels are evidence of the Reformed tradition. The aristocratic families on Landsberg and Hugenpoet who remained catholic obtained permission to be looked after by the Catholic pastor of Mintard. The reformed church has been united since 1840 .
tower
The tower is the oldest part of the church and at the same time the oldest building in Kettwig. The lower part dates from the beginning of the 13th century and the upper part from the end of the 13th century. It has a height of 40 meters, the wall thickness is 1.40 meters. The places where the nave of the previous church was built are still visible today.
Lower tower room
There is no tradition of earlier function or use of the room. According to a building plan from 1961, it was to be converted into a spacious entrance area, but this could not be realized for cost reasons. So the room continued to serve as a storage room. At the beginning of 2000 a room of silence was set up.
Tower clock
A tower clock was mentioned in 1643, the clockwork was renewed in 1749 by the Kettwig clockmaker Henricus Schmalt. The wooden dial of the inner clock above the organ used to tell the preacher the time. It was adorned with the Prussian eagle and was named 1749. Today the interior clock is in the foyer of the Essen town hall . The current tower clock was installed in 1903, it has been operated electrically since 1937 and later via radio. The four outer dials were extensively restored in 2006.
Furnishing
From the furnishings, which were completed by 1731, the pulpit standing on a palm tree and the gallery running around three sides are still preserved.
The hexagonal pulpit and the pulpit hood were probably not installed until after 1720. The pulpit and pulpit hood are decorated with acanthus leaves, grapevines, vine leaves and sunflowers. The pulpit hood is crowned with a pelican.
organ
The organ fills the gallery almost completely. The instrument was built in 1749 by Peter Weidtmann from Ratingen and has been restored several times over the years. The side pedal whistles were expanded in 1963. During the renovation in 2004, all pipes were dismantled and cleaned. The feet have been renewed. The rococo case has been preserved in its original condition. The organ with three manuals and 34 registers has 2735 pipes.
literature
- Claudia Euskirchen et al. (Edit.): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, North Rhine-Westphalia, Volume I: Rhineland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2005, ISBN 978-3-422-03093-0 , p. 386.
- A [dolf] Brüggemann: History of the evang. [Sic] community Kettwig, 2nd expanded edition , Kettwig 1937.
- Brigide Schwarz, The Mintard parish in the late Middle Ages (with a sideways glance at Beeck, Meiderich, Mülheim and Kettwig), in: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine, in particular the old Archdiocese of Cologne 220 (2017) pp. 77–126.
Web links
- Extract from the list of monuments of the city of Essen (PDF; 373 kB); last viewed on July 28, 2014
- Story and photos ; last viewed on August 31, 2012
Individual evidence
- ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger, The Archdiocese of Cologne around 1300. Book 2: The churches of the Archidiakonats Xanten (Explanations for the Historical Atlas of the Rhine Province 9, 2), Bonn 1969, p. 204f. - In the Middle Ages, the parish of Kettwig and Mintard formed the extreme southeastern tip of the Duisburg deanery.
- ^ A defective list of pastors at Brüggemann p. 12f. From 1505 the Duke of Kleve presented to the parish office, cf. Emil Dösseler, Spiritual things from the registers of Grafschaft Mark, in: Yearbook of the Association for Westphalian Church History 44, 1951, p. 11–82, here p. 72f. (Names)
- ↑ Gabriele Isenberg, The emergence and development of the church landscape in the Ruhr-Hellweg area, in: Pro cura animarum: Medieval parishes and parish churches on the Rhine and Ruhr, ed. by Stefan Pätzold and Reimund Haas (= Studies on Cologne Church History 43), Siegburg 2016, pp. 45–60, here: pp. 55f. and 58. Cf. also Cf. Günter Binding, Vorromanische Kirchenbauten, Cologne 1996 (= Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinlande, Supplement XII / 3), pp. 5-9
- ↑ On the church cf. also Brigide Schwarz, The Mintard Parish Church in the Middle Ages: Church - Parish Prengel - Clergy, in: Zeitschrift des Geschichtsverein Mülheim ad Ruhr, Issue 92, 2017, pp. 11–69.
- ↑ Ernst Haiger, Denomination and burial place: Noble graves in the St. Laurentius Church in Mintard in the 17th and 18th centuries, in: Zeitschrift des Geschichtsverein Mülheim ad Ruhr, Issue 92, 2017, pp. 69–111.
Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 46.3 " N , 6 ° 56 ′ 14.2" E