Marmaduke of Thwing, 1st Baron Thwing

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marmaduke of Thwing, 1st Baron Thwing (also Marmaduke III of Thwing or Thweng ) († 1323 ) was an English nobleman and military man.

Origin and heritage

Marmaduke of Thwing came from the English Thwing family . He was the second son of his father of the same name Marmaduke II of Thwing and his wife Lucy de Brus . His father died between 1282 and 1284, and since his older brother Robert had died in 1279 without male heirs, Marmaduke inherited much of the family estates after his father's death. However, part of the inheritance fell to Robert's underage daughter Lucy , whose guardian he initially became. Marmaduke eventually had to agree to Lucy's marriage to William Latimer, 2nd Baron Latimer , who received part of the Brus inheritance. However, the marriage between Lucy and Latimer was unhappy. In 1305 Marmaduke was accused of having been the author of the kidnapping of Lucy from her husband's house. Lucy eventually divorced her husband, but she had to leave much of her property to her ex-husband.

Military service

Marmaduke of Thwing took part in numerous campaigns by King Edward I to Scotland during the First Scottish War of Independence . At the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, he was one of the English knights who had already crossed the bridge when it was attacked by the Scots. In contrast to many other Englishmen, Thwing was able to fight his way back over the bridge with some of his followers. His eldest son of the same name was also among those killed in the battle. After the battle, Earl Warenne commissioned him, along with Fulke FitzWarine, to defend Stirling Castle , as the commander and most of the crew had died in the battle. The castle was then besieged by the Scots until the starved crew had to surrender in 1299. Thwing was captured in Scotland and was only released after paying a ransom. 1314 Thwing took part in the campaign of Edward II to Scotland and in the Battle of Bannockburn . He surrendered personally to the Scottish King Robert Bruce , who released him and Ralph de Monthermer without a ransom demand.

Political activity

1307 Thwing was first appointed to participate in a parliament by Writ of Summons , which is why he is considered Baron Thwing . In 1312 he assisted Thomas of Lancaster in the pursuit and capture of Piers Gaveston , the favorite of Edward II. In May 1321 Thwing attended the meeting in Pontefract Priory , to which Lancaster had invited the barons of northern England, and in June he was also one of them the barons who attended the Sherburn meeting at which Lancaster attempted to persuade the northern English barons to form an alliance with the rebelling Marcher Lords . The king therefore suspected him of supporting the Lancaster rebellion , in which Thwing did not take an active part.

Marriage and offspring

Thwing had married Isabel de Ros , a daughter of Sir William de Ros of Igmanthorpe, Yorkshire. He had at least four sons and two daughters, including:

Since his firstborn son Marmaduke had died in the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, his heir became his second son William, who however died childless. The younger sons Robert and Thomas inherited the family estates one after the other. However, since they were both clergy, they did not bear the title of Baron Thwing and died childless. With the death of Thomas of Thwing in 1374, the title fell in Abeyance . After the death of Thomas the estates of the Thwing family were divided between the daughters of Marmaduke of Thwing and their descendants. The family seat of Kilton Castle fell to the Lumley family.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Prestwich: An Everyday Story of Knightly Folk . In: Peter R. Coss: Thirteenth Century England IX: Proceedings of the Durham Conference 2001. Boydell, Woodbridge 2003, ISBN 0-85115-575-8 , p. 153
  2. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 125.
  3. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . New Haven, Yale University Press 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-15657-7 , pp. 237
  4. ↑ Michael Prestwich: An Everyday Story of Knightly Folk . In: Peter R. Coss: Thirteenth Century England IX: Proceedings of the Durham Conference 2001. Boydell, Woodbridge 2003, ISBN 0-85115-575-8 , p. 159
  5. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 274
predecessor Office successor
New title created Baron Thwing
1307-1323 		William of Thwing
personal data
SURNAME Thwing, Marmaduke of, 1st Baron Thwing
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thweng, Marmaduke of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English nobleman and military
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH 1323