Martinskirche (Neckartailfingen)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Exterior view from the south
inside view

The Martinskirche in Neckartailfingen near Nürtingen is 900 years old and with its leaning tower the symbol of the community.

Cube capitals with Hirsauer nose

history

From the patronage of St. Martin of Tours it can be concluded that a previous building had stood on the site of today's church since the 7th or 8th century. The church is mentioned for the first time in the codex hirsaugiensis , when the Counts Kuno and Liutold von Achalm donated half of the church and other property in the area to the Hirsau monastery around 1090 . Today's Martinskirche was built at the beginning of the 12th century as a Romanesque , three-aisled pillar basilica under the administrator of the donated property, the Hirsau Abbot Bruno . The influence of the Hirsau Benedictine Monastery can be seen in the cube capitals . The Hirsauer Building School developed a treasure trove of Hirsau forms for which the Hirsau nose is an unmistakable characteristic.

Thorough dendrochronological examinations of the roof beams revealed in 1996 that the wood was felled in the winter of 1110/11 and in the spring of 1111 and was installed freshly. This means that the completion of at least the shell of the church could be determined to be in the year 1111.

Building description

The Romanesque column basilica made of parlor sandstone is the oldest church in the area. Inside, it is characterized by a tall, narrow central nave with four nave bays made of simple, massive columns, which also reveal the influence of the Hirsau building school through the simple cube capitals with padded shields . All three apses in the east have a barrel-vaulted vestibule, which closes off at right angles to the outside. In the Middle Ages, the side apses housed the St. Nicholas Chapel in the north and the Maria Magdalene Chapel in the south, which were separate chaplains at least in the late Middle Ages. In the west a double tower facade was originally planned and probably also built, of which only the tower stumps and a barrel vaulted vestibule (paradise) in between have been preserved. The late Gothic tower, which is over 500 years old, was later built in front of the originally open vestibule. He is irritated by his clearly crooked position.

The leaning tower of Neckartailfingen

Around 1470 there was a late Gothic renovation of the portal on the south aisle, which received a vestibule (bridal portal) and pointed arched enlargements of the windows on the south aisle.

In addition to the walls and the roof beams, parts of the roof tiles also date from the construction period of 1111. The well-preserved pointed flat tiles were collected in 1957 on the south roof of the main nave, which they still cover almost completely. This is why building researchers Ulrich Knapp and Tilmann Marstaller speak of the “oldest roof in southern Germany”.

For the anniversary year 2011, the exterior and the tower were thoroughly renovated in 2009. All painting remnants from earlier centuries were secured by restoration.

The steeple

The late Gothic church tower was only placed in front of the west facade in 1501. Its ridge height is 33 meters. When the tower was being built, it began to tilt because of the marl underground . Halfway up, the bricklayers rearranged the rows of stones. Therefore, the tower tilts in two directions: 1.02 meters to the west and 82 centimeters to the south. The southwest corner hangs over 1.31 meters. During a major refurbishment and renovation between 1955 and 1957, drainage was laid around the tower to prevent excessive moisture in the marl building site. The stability of the building is regularly checked by means of complex measurements.

The bells

Two bells of the tower date from its construction time (1503 and 1505). The steel bell cage from 1963 was replaced by an oak one in 2009, two damaged bells were welded, all four bells (e 'from 1503 / g' from 1505 / a 'from 1953 / c' 'from 1963) were re-hung. The middle part of the medieval belfry is now placed in the Gothic tower hall.

The four bells:

  • Bell e 'by Bernhard Lachamann (1503), 125 cm diameter, 1300 kg
  • Bell g 'by Bernhard Lachamann (1505), 109 cm diameter, 800 kg
  • Bell a 'by Heinricht Kurtz (1953), 97 cm diameter, 625 kg
  • Bell c '' by Gebr. Rincker (1963), 81 cm diameter, 360 kg

Frescoes and inscriptions

Medieval wall paintings from around 1300 can be found in the apses and vestibule. They were whitewashed during the Reformation and were exposed again during renovations in 1902 and 1955–57.

  • In the main apse: Christ Pantocrator with Evangelists, St. Martin, a protective mantle Madonna, side frieze “Creation, Fall and Redemption”, Adoration of the Wise Men, Resurrection.
  • In the Nikolauskapelle (heavily rebuilt) in the north aisle: St. Nikolaus, outpouring of the Holy Spirit.
  • In the Maria Magdalenen Chapel (south choir): expulsion of demons from Maria Magdalena, Maria Magdalena anoints Jesus' feet, Maria Magdalena meets the risen Christ at Easter, Ascension.
  • On the tympanum of the vestibule: The world judge between Mary and John, on the south side of the vestibule Hell, on the north side the heavenly Jerusalem with the Archangel Michael and the church patron Martin.
  • Three donor inscriptions inside. Several funeral inscriptions on the outside, as the churchyard was also a cemetery until the middle of the 19th century.

  • View from the entrance to the choir room

  • Christ Pantocrator in the choir

  • South choir (Ascension)

  • Ceiling of the main apse: Lamb of God with cross and paradise motifs

  • The original roof tiles from 1111

literature

  • Ernst Adam: Baukunst der Stauferzeit , S. 148, ISBN 3-8112-0700-8
  • Albert Lauffer, Pastor: The Martinskirche and the parish in Neckartailfingen , Neckartailfingen 1961
  • Christoph Drüppel and Anita Raith: History of the Neckartailfingen community. Neckartailfingen 2000, ISBN 3-00-006512-1
  • Gabriele Grassegger u. a. (Hg): New natural stone restoration results and metrological records March 26, 2010, pp.105–118, ISBN 978-3-8167-8254-4
  • Working group for house research, regional group Ba-Wü, Dr Stefan Uhl (ed.), South-West German contributions to historical building research, Vol. 4/1999, pp. 19–42, ISBN 3-927714-41-0
  • Schnell, Art Guide No. 2444: Martinskirche Neckartailfingen , ISBN 3-7954-6314-9
  • Günter Eckstein, Andreas Stiene: The Martinskirche in Neckartailfingen - a place of worship in motion. Metrological documentation and deformation analysis. In: Preservation of Monuments in Baden-Württemberg , Volume 39, 2010, Issue 2, pp. 99-106 ( PDF )

Web links

Commons : Martinskirche  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Bleyer from the working group for house research in: Southwest German contributions to historical building research, Vol. 4/1999, p. 26
  2. ^ Albert Lauffer, Die Martinskirche and the community Neckartailfingen p. 90f., P. 175
  3. ↑ Joachim Rüeck in Mannheimer Morgen on September 11, 2009  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.morgenweb.de  
  4. ↑ Albert Lauffer, Die Martinskirche and the community Neckartailfingen , 3rd edition 1975 p. 144

Coordinates: 48 ° 36 '45.8 "  N , 9 ° 15' 49.1"  E