Membrane activated sludge reactor
A membrane activation reactor (MBR) is a type of sewage treatment plant (especially small sewage treatment plants ) that can significantly increase its efficiency with the aid of membranes with pores between 0.1 and 0.01 µm in size ( ultrafiltration ). The system is mostly operated by means of tangential flow filtration .
The membranes can be used in the form of hollow fibers , as wound modules or as plate modules . A distinction is made between ventilated and non-ventilated systems. The MBR system is often used to achieve a secondary treatment of domestic or municipal wastewater. The MBR can also be immersed in existing biological treatment stages. Often, however, an external arrangement is sought which enables easier maintenance through better access to the system.
Areas of application for submerged membrane systems are:
- Gray water treatments
- Rainwater and surface water treatment
- Retention of biology from industrial and domestic wastewater
Another advantage is the almost sterile filtration due to the selected pore size and the resulting separation of pathogenic germs . However, prions are only partially retained.
literature
Further education course on water and the environment: Urban water management in rural areas , Universitätsverlag, Weimar 2004, ISBN 978-3-86068-310-1