Metaplasm (rhetoric)
Metaplasm ( Greek μεταπλασμός , transformation ') is an umbrella term for a group of rhetorical figures in which individual words are changed against the rules of morphology or phonology for reasons of poetic sound, compliance with the meter , emphasis, the intended comedy or Surprise.
The poet or artist has a license for the aforementioned intended deviations from the norm ; the non-licensed deviation, on the other hand, is considered barbarism in ancient rhetoric .
A basic distinction can be made between metaplasmas
- of omission: elision , apheresis , syncope , apocope , systole , synaloiphe , syneresis ,
- of adding: prosthesis , epenthesis , paragogue , diastole ,
- of exchange: metathesis ,
- of replacing letters: Antistoekon .
Metaplasmas are also less common than conscious neologisms . An example of this is the concept of Différance introduced by Jacques Derrida (phonetic identical to the French word différence , 'difference').
If words are used in an idiomatically incorrect context or syntactically incorrect, one speaks of solözismus (gr. Σολοικισμός ). The metaplasm is thus a one-word figure, the solözismus is based on a wrong combination of several words. The licensed violation of idioms or syntax was called in classical rhetoric Greek σχῆμα , schēma , Latin schēma or figūra .
literature
- Hadumod Bußmann (Ed.) With the collaboration of Hartmut Lauffer: Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft. 4th, revised and bibliographically supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-520-45204-7 .
- Heinrich Lausberg : Handbook of literary rhetoric. Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2008 (4th edition), ISBN 978-3-515-09156-5 .
- Gero von Wilpert : Subject dictionary of literature (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 231). 8th, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-520-23108-5 .