The Military Academy Cadet Chapel in West Point, New York is a Protestant church building for the United States Military Academy . It contains the largest organ in the world in terms of the number of rows of pipes in a religious building.
The Cadet Chapel was built from granite in neo-Gothic style by Cram , Goodhue and Ferguson and was completed on June 12, 1910.
The stained glass windows were designed by Willet Studios (Philadelphia) . The large window in the chancel is inscribed with the Academy's motto "Duty, Honor, Country" . The remaining windows were donated by different graduate years.
View of the choir room
Vault
altar
View of the westwork
Organs
Altar room with main game table
The Cadet Chapel received its first organ in 1911. The instrument had 38 rows of pipes on three manuals and pedal, and was built by the American company Möller . The first organist was Frederick Mayer, a close friend of George Ashdown Audsley .
The instrument has been continuously expanded since 1911. All extensions to the organ were donated by alumni and private individuals and are based on designs by organist Mayers and George Audsley.
The first smaller expansions began in 1913. The first major expansion took place in 1923 when the instrument was equipped with an orchestral division . In 1927 the viol division with 12 rows of pipes was added. Another major expansion took place in 1930 with the Harmonic division . In 1951 the organ already had 213 rows of pipes.
The organ system today has 380 rows of pipes (approx. 23,500 pipes). This makes it - measured by the number of rows of pipes - the largest organ in the world in a religious building and, after the organ in the Atlantic City Convention Hall and the organ in the Wanamaker Department Store, the third largest organ ever. The instrument is still being expanded today.
The organ system is distributed over several locations (Transept Organ, Left Chancel Organ, Right Chancel Organ, Echo Organ, Nave Organ). It has a total of 303 registers, of which 177 are extended and 130 are transmitted registers. The plant has several "divisions", i. H. about manuals that are not assigned to a specific manual. These "divisions" (including the "orchestral division", the "viol division") are found particularly in the two Chancel organs.
The instrument is played from a four-manual console set up in the choir room. The rocker registers are arranged on the left and right of the gaming table in 10 rows one above the other.
Disposition of the transept organ
I German Great C – c 4
Quintaton
16 ′
Principal
8th'
Reed flute
8th'
Octave
4 ′
Pointed flute
4 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
Forest flute
2 ′
Grand Cornet V
Rauschquint II-III
2 ′
Rauschquint III
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Mixture V-VII
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Cymbal III-V
1 ⁄ 3 ′
Trumpet
16 ′
Trumpet
8th'
Trumpet
4 ′
Zimbelstern
II positive organ C – c 4
Principal
8th'
Wood-covered
8th'
Quintadena
8th'
Principal
4 ′
Reed flute
4 ′
Octave
2 ′
Pipe whistle
2 ′
Quint
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Great Octave
1'
Sesquialtera II
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Sharp IV-VI
2 ⁄ 3 ′
Third cymbal III
1 ⁄ 4 ′
Dulcian
16 ′
Cromorne
8th
Pedal Organ C–
Principal
16 ′
Pipe flood
16 ′
Schwiegel
8th'
Pipe flood
8th'
Pipe flood
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
4 ′
Schwiegel
2 ′
Rauschquint II
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Mixture VI
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Trumpet
16 ′
Trumpet
8th'
Disposition of the Left Chancel Organ
I Enclosed Great Organ C – c 4
diapason
16 ′
Diapason Major
8th'
Diapason phonon
8th'
Viol Diapason
8th'
Double flute
8th'
Harmonic flute
8th'
Horn flute
8th'
Minor Octave
4 ′
Harmonic flute
4 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
Harmonic piccolo
2 ′
Mixture III
Harmonic Trumpet
16 ′
Bombard
8th'
Clarion
8th'
Hunting Horn
8th'
French horn
8th'
Basset horn
8th'
Cornopean
4 ′
I Dutch Great Organ C – c 4
Principal
8th'
Schwiegel
8th'
Bourdon
8th'
Octave
4 ′
Coupling flute
4 ′
Nasat
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
Forest flute
2 ′
third
1 3 ⁄ 3 ′
Larigot
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
recorder
1'
Fittings IV
Mixture III
Sharp IV
IV Solo Organ C – c 4
Contra bass
16 ′
Diapason phonon
8th'
Horn diapason
8th'
Violin diapason
8th'
Horn flute
8th'
Orchestral Flute
8th'
Solo Octave
4 ′
Contra bass
4 ′
Orchestral Flute
4 ′
Magic Flute
4 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
Magic Flute
2 ′
(Continuation)
Bombard
16 ′
Ophicleide
16 ′
Basset horn
16 ′
Tuba major
8th'
Tuba Sonora
8th'
Ophicleide
8th'
Harmonic Trumpet
8th'
Cornopean
8th'
Hunting Horn
8th'
French horn
8th'
Orchestral Clarinet
8th'
(Continuation)
Tuba major
4 ′
Ophicleide
4 ′
Clarion
4 ′
Orchestral Clarinet
4 ′
Chimes
Harp
Celesta
Turkish cymbal
Turkish Cymbal II
Tremolo slow
Tremolo almost
Orchestral (floating) C – c 4
Tibia Clausa
16 ′
Spire Flute
16 ′
Contra viola
16 ′
Viole Celeste
16 ′
Viol Diapason
8th'
Principal
8th'
Tibia Clausa
8th'
Spire Flute
8th'
Spire Flute Celeste
8th'
Suave flute
8th'
Stopped Harmonic Flute
8th'
Bourdon Celeste
8th'
Corno Dolce
8th'
Contra viola
8th'
Viol
8th'
Viole Celeste
8th'
Viole Celeste
8th'
cello
8th'
Cello Celeste
8th'
Cello Celeste
8th'
Viol Quint
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
4 ′
Viol Diapason
4 ′
Stopped Harmonic Flute
4 ′
Suave flute
4 ′
Piquant flute
4 ′
(Continuation)
Spire Flute Celeste
4 ′
Corno Dolce
4 ′
Violina
4 ′
Viol
4 ′
Viole Celeste
4 ′
Viol
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Viol Quint
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Viol
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Piquant flute
2 ′
Violina
2 ′
Fagotto
16 ′
Saxophones
16 ′
Dulcian
16 ′
Fagotto
8th'
Saxophones
8th'
Dulcian
8th'
Oboe horn
8th'
Orchestral oboe
8th'
Oboe horn
4 ′
Orchestral oboe
4 ′
Tremolo I.
Tremolo II
Tremolo III
Viol (floating) C-c 4
Grand Viol
16 ′
Grand Viol Celeste
16 ′
Viol d'Gamba
16 ′
viola
16 ′
Grand Viol
8th'
Grand Viol Celeste
8th'
Grand Viol Celeste
8th'
Viol d'Gamba
8th'
Viol d'Gamba Celeste
8th'
Viol d'Gamba Celeste
8th'
viola
8th'
viola
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Viol Octave
4 ′
Grand Viol Celeste
4 ′
viola
4 ′
Violetta
4 ′
Viol Tierce
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Viol Octave
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Violetta
2 ′
Viol Tierce
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
Viol Larigot
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Viol Larigot
1'
tremolo
Read (floating) C-c 4
Trumpet
16 ′
Trumpet
8th'
English horn
8th'
Krummhorn
8th'
Head shelf
8th'
Hopper shelf
8th'
musette
8th'
Trumpet
4 ′
Hopper shelf
4 ′
musette
4 ′
tremolo
Pedal Organ C–
Open Wood
32 ′
Open Wood
16 ′
Contra bass
16 ′
Contra viola
16 ′
Grand Viol
16 ′
Open Wood
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Open Wood
8th'
cello
8th'
Cello Celeste flat
8th'
Harmonic flute
4 ′
Dulcian
64 ′
Dulcian
42 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Bombard
32 ′
Dulcian
32 ′
Dulcian
21 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Bombard
16 ′
Trumpet
16 ′
Fagotto
16 ′
Dulcian
16 ′
Fagotto
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Trumpet
8th'
Dulcian
8th'
Trumpet
4 ′
English horn
4 ′
Head shelf
4 ′
Disposition of the Right Chancel Organ
I Great Organ C – c 4
Dulciana
32 ′
Cane-covered
16 ′
Violone
16 ′
Dulciana
16 ′
Service diapason
8th'
Montre
8th'
Chorus Principal
8th'
Suavial
8th'
Cane-covered
8th'
Violone
8th'
Dulciana
8th'
Gross Nazard
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Service diapason
4 ′
Montre
4 ′
Chorus Principal
4 ′
Suavial
4 ′
Chimney Flute
4 ′
Violone
4 ′
Tierce
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Nazard
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Service Twelfth
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Duplicate
2 ′
Service Fifteenth
2 ′
Chorus Principal
2 ′
Chimney Flute
2 ′
Tierce
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
Plein Jeu V
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
I Harmonic Great Organ C – c 4
Bourdon
16 ′
Stenthorn Minor
16 ′
Bourdon
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Flute
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
8th'
Stenthorn Major
8th'
Stenthorn Minor
8th'
Bourdon
8th'
English 5th
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Stenthorn Minor
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Flute
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
English 8th
4 ′
Principal
4 ′
Stenthorn Major
4 ′
Stenthorn Minor
4 ′
Bourdon
4 ′
English 12th
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
French 12th
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stenthorn Quint
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Flute
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
(Continuation)
English 15th
2 ′
Fifteenth
2 ′
Stenthorn Fifteenth
2 ′
Principal
2 ′
Bourdon
2 ′
English 17th
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
English 19th
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Quint 19th
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
English 21st
1 1 ⁄ 7 ′
English 22nd
1'
French 22nd
1'
Quint 22nd
1'
Principal
1'
English 23rd
8 ⁄ 9 ′
French 24th
4 ⁄ 5 ′
English 26th
2 ⁄ 3 ′
French 26th
2 ⁄ 3 ′
Quint 26th
2 ⁄ 3 ′
French 28th
4 ⁄ 7 ′
English 29th
1 ⁄ 2 ′
French 29th
1 ⁄ 2 ′
Quint 29th
1 ⁄ 2 ′
French 31st
2 ⁄ 5 ′
French 33rd
1 ⁄ 3 ′
French 36th
1 ⁄ 4 ′
(Continuation)
Tuba major
16 ′
Tuba Sonora
16 ′
Ophicleide
16 ′
Military Trumpet
16 ′
Tuba major
8th'
Tuba Sonora
8th'
Ophicleide
8th'
Military Trumpet
8th'
Tromba Batalla
8th'
Military Clarion
8th'
French Trumpet
8th'
Trombone Quint
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Tuba major
4 ′
Tuba Sonora
4 ′
Ophicleide
4 ′
Military Trumpet
4 ′
Tromba Batalla
4 ′
Military Clarion
4 ′
Tromba Tierce
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Trombone Quint
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Military Trumpet
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Military Trumpet
2 ′
Tromba Tierce
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
Military Trumpet
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Military Trumpet
1'
Celesta
Celesta Dampers
Chimes
Flemish Bells
Harmonic (floating) C – c 4
Stenthorn Minor
16 ′
Flauto Majico Celeste
16 ′
Stopped Flute
16 ′
Stopped Flute
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Open diapason
8th'
Stenthorn Minor
8th'
Harmonic flute
8th'
Flauto Majico
8th'
Flauto Majico Celeste
8th'
Stopped Flute
8th'
Bourdon
8th'
Gemshorn
8th'
Gemshorn Celeste
8th'
Stenthorn Minor
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
English 5th
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Flauto Majico
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Flute
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
(Continuation)
Octave
4 ′
Stenthorn Minor
4 ′
Open flute
4 ′
Stopped Harmonic Flute
4 ′
Stopped Flute
4 ′
Gemshorn
4 ′
Gemshorn Celeste
4 ′
Bourdon Tierce
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Dulciana 10th
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Stopped Flute
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon Quint
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Gemshorn 12th
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon Septième
2 2 ⁄ 7 ′
Gemshorn Septième
2 2 ⁄ 7 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
Stopped Harmonic Flute
2 ′
Stopped Flute
2 ′
Gemshorn 15th
2 ′
(Continuation)
Bourdon None
1 7 ⁄ 9 ′
Dulciana 16th
1 7 ⁄ 9 ′
English 17th
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
Bourdon Tierce
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
Dulciana Tierce
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
Stopped Flute
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon Quint
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Gemshorn 19th
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
English 21st
1 1 ⁄ 7 ′
Bourdon Septième
1 1 ⁄ 7 ′
Dulciana Septième
1 1 ⁄ 7 ′
Stopped Flute
1'
Gemshorn 22nd
1'
(Continuation)
English 23rd
8 ⁄ 9 ′
Bourdon None
8 ⁄ 9 ′
Dulciana 23rd
8 ⁄ 9 ′
French 24th
4 ⁄ 5 ′
French 28th
4 ⁄ 7 ′
French 31th
2 ⁄ 5 ′
Quint Mixture II
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Quint Mixture II
2 ⁄ 3 ′
English Mixture II
2 ⁄ 3 ′
French Mixture II
1 ⁄ 3 ′
Ophicleide
16 ′
Military Trumpet
8th'
French Trumpet
8th'
Military Trumpet
4 ′
Chinese gong
II Choir Organ C – c 4
Gemshorn
16 ′
Principal
8th'
Clarabella
8th'
Keraulophone
8th'
Gemshorn
8th'
Gemshorn Celeste
8th'
Dulciana Celeste
8th'
Unda Maris I
8th'
Unda Maris II
8th'
Unda Maris III
8th'
Principal
4 ′
Harmonic flute
4 ′
Gemshorn
4 ′
(Continuation)
Principal
2 ′
Flageolet
2 ′
Plein Jeu III
2 ′
Clarinet
8th'
Vox Humana
8th'
Chimes
Flemish Bells
Celesta
tremolo
III Swell Organ C – c 4
Dulce Bourdon
16 ′
Open diapason
8th'
Violin Diapason
8th'
Stopped diapason
8th'
Quintadena
8th'
Salicional
8th'
Salicional Celeste I
8th'
Salicional Celeste II
8th'
Octave
4 ′
Forest Flute
4 ′
Salicional
4 ′
Nasard
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Fifteenth
2 ′
Flautino
2 ′
(Continuation)
Tierce
1 3 ⁄ 5 ′
Nasard
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Mixture III
2 ′
Fittings IV
1'
Basson
16 ′
Trumpet
8th'
oboe
8th'
Alto horn
8th'
Clarion
4 ′
Celesta
Harp
tremolo
Vox (floating) C-c 4
Vox baritones
16 ′
Vox Soprano
16 ′
Vox baritones
8th'
Vox Contraalto
8th'
Vox Mezzo
8th'
Vox Soprano
8th'
Vox baritones
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Vox baritones
4 ′
Vox Contraalto
4 ′
Vox baritones
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Vox Mezzo
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Vox baritones
2 ′
tremolo
Pedal Organ C–
Bourdon
64 ′
Bourdon
42 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon
32 ′
Bourdon
21 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
16 ′
Major Open Wood
16 ′
Bourdon
16 ′
Bourdon
16 ′
Pommer
16 ′
Gemshorn
16 ′
Stenthorn Minor
16 ′
Violone
16 ′
Dulciana
16 ′
Principal
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Chorus Principal
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Chorus diapason
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stenthorn Minor
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Flute
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Bourdon
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Gemshorn
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Violone
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Major Open Wood
8th'
Principal I
8th'
Principal II
8th'
Chorus Principal
8th'
Chorus diapason
8th'
Open metal flute
8th'
Stopped Flute
8th'
Bourdon
8th'
Bourdon
8th'
(Continuation)
Covered
8th'
Gemshorn
8th'
Stenthorn Major
8th'
Stenthorn Minor
8th'
Violone
8th'
Cello major
8th'
Dulciana
8th'
Open Wood Diapason
6 2 ⁄ 5 ′
Principal
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Chorus Principal
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Chorus diapason
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Open Wood Diapason
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Open Metal 12th
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Stenthorn Minor
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
English Fifth
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Flute
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Violone
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Open Wood Diapason
4 4 ⁄ 7 ′
Principal
4 ′
Chorus Principal
4 ′
Chorus diapason
4 ′
Open Metal 12th
4 ′
Stenthorn Minor
4 ′
English Octave
4 ′
Night horn
4 ′
Reed flute
4 ′
Bourdon
4 ′
Violone
4 ′
Dulciana
4 ′
Salicet
4 ′
(Continuation)
Open Metal Diap. 17th
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Chorus Principal
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Flute
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Open Metal Diap. 19th
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stenthorn Twelfth
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Violone
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Stopped Metal Flute 21st
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
2 ′
Chorus Principal
2 ′
Chorus diapason
2 ′
Open Metal Diap. 22nd
2 ′
Stenthorn 15th
2 ′
Violone
2 ′
Salicet
2 ′
Principal
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Chorus Principal
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Open Metal Diap. 26th
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Violone
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
1'
Chorus Principal
1'
Open Metal Diap. 29th
1'
Violone
1'
Harmonics III
6 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Harmonics IX
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Armonia Grande IV
2 ′
Fittings IV
2 ′
(Continuation)
Ophicleide
32 ′
Tuba Sonora
16 ′
Tuba major
16 ′
Ophicleide
16 ′
Military Trumpet
16 ′
Basson
16 ′
Alto horn
16 ′
Vox baritones
16 ′
Trombone Quint
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Military Trumpet
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Tuba Sonora
8th'
Tuba major
8th'
Ophicleide
8th'
Military Trumpet
8th'
Vox baritones
8th'
Vox Humana
8th'
Military Trumpet
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Trombone Quint
5 1 ⁄ 3 ′
(Continuation)
Tuba Sonora
4 ′
Tuba major
4 ′
Ophicleide
4 ′
Military Trumpet
4 ′
Trombones
4 ′
Cromorne
4 ′
Vox Humana
4 ′
Trombone Tierce
3 1 ⁄ 5 ′
Trombone Quint
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Military Trumpet
2 ′
Trombones
2 ′
Military Trumpet
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Military Trumpet
1'
Chimes
Celesta
Flemish Bells
Disposition of the Nave Organ (Left Nave)
Nave (floating) C – c 4
Principal
8th'
Chimney Flute
8th'
Octave
4 ′
recorder
4 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
recorder
2 ′
Mixture IV
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Trumpet
16 ′
Trumpet
8th'
Trumpet
4 ′
Harp
Chimes
Pedal C–
Sub bass
32 ′
Sub bass
16 ′
Principal
8th'
Sub bass
8th'
Principal
4 ′
Sub bass
4 ′
Trumpet
16 ′
Trumpet
8th'
Trumpet
4 ′
Disposition of the Echo Organ (Right Nave)
Echo Great Organ C – c 4
Quintaton
16 ′
Principal
8th'
Harmonic flute
8th'
Bourdon
8th'
Octave
4 ′
Playing flute
4 ′
Nasat
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
Playing flute
2 ′
Harmonic Aetheria IV
8th'
Mixture III-IV
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
tremolo
Echo I (floating) C-c 4
Reed flute
16 ′
Violin Diapason
8th'
Reed flute
8th'
Salicional
8th'
Voix Celeste
8th'
Octave
4 ′
Traverse Flute
4 ′
Great Octave
2 ′
Traverse Flute
2 ′
Larigot
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Sesquialtera II
2 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Mixture III
1 1 ⁄ 3 ′
Basson
16 ′
Trumpets
8th'
Vox Angelica
8th'
Vox Mystica
8th'
Trumpets
4 ′
tremolo
Echo II (floating) C-c 4
Flute Celeste II
8th'
Antiphonal Viol
8th'
Muted Viol
8th'
Aeolian Celeste II
8th'
Unda Maris III
8th'
Unda Maris
4 ′
Unda Maris
2 ′
Mounted Cornet V
Trompette en Chamade
8th'
Trumpets
8th'
Vox Angelica
8th'
Vox Mystica
8th'
tremolo
Pedal Organ C–
Principal
16 ′
Sub bass
16 ′
Quint
10 2 ⁄ 3 ′
Principal
8th'
Sub bass
8th'
Octave
4 ′
Harmonic flute
4 ′
Octave
2 ′
Mixture III-IV
Basson
32 ′
Basson
16 ′
Trumpets
8th'
Trumpets
4 ′
literature
Homer D Blanchard, JN Beyer, MP: A Survey of the Organ in the Cadet Chapel, US Military Academy, West Point, NY 1947.
Gordon Stewart: The world's largest organs . In: Organists' Review . tape93 , no.4 , 2007, ISSN 0048-2161 , p.26041 .
Rod Miller, Richard Cheek, and Alexander M. Haig, Jr .: West Point US Military Academy . 2002, ISBN 978-1-56898-294-6 .
John Wright Harvey: The West Point Organ . 1952 (Union Theological Seminary thesis).
Rod Miller, Richard Cheek, and Alexander M. Haig, Jr .: West Point US Military Academy: An Architectural Tour . Princeton Architectural Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-56898-294-6 , pp.83-89 .
Orpha Caroline Ochse: The history of the organ in the United States . Indiana University Press, Bloomington & London 1975, ISBN 0-253-32830-6 , pp.360-361 .
Maureen Oehler DuRant and Peter E. Carroll: West Point . Arcadia Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7385-5497-6 , pp.39-44 .
George S. Pappas: The Cadet Chapel: United States Military Academy . 5th edition. The Association of Graduates, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 1987, ISBN 978-0-917218-28-6 .
Marcus Whiffen and Frederick Koeper: American Architecture 1607–1976 . Routledge, 1981, ISBN 978-0-7100-0813-8 , pp.286ff .
^ Orpha Caroline Ochse: The history of the organ in the United States . Indiana University Press, Bloomington & London 1975, ISBN 0-253-32830-6 , pp.360-361 .