Mraka certificate
The Mraka document ( Bulgarian Мрачка грамота ), also known as the Orjachowo document (Bulgarian Оряховска грамота), is a medieval donation bull , which was made on December 1, 1347 on behalf of the Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Alexander . The Mraka deed was presented to the Nikolaus-von-Myra-Kloster , which is located in the area of Orjachow, in the Mraka region near Radomir (approx. 70 km southwest of the Bulgarian capital Sofia ). Today, the document is in Athos - Monastery Hilandar kept after the Nicholas Monastery was destroyed.
This document contains detailed information about the tax system, the administrative apparatus and the status of dependent peasants during the Second Bulgarian Empire in the 14th century. The certificate is a 58 × 34 cm parchment . A well-preserved gold seal of Tsar Ivan Alexander is attached to the lower part of the parchment with silk thread. The front of the seal shows the Tsar in full height in a frontal view. You can see his crown and a cross in his right hand and a scroll in his left . To the right of his portrait is Iw. Alexander and to the left of it Tsar of the Bulgarians . Christ is depicted on the back .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Мария Кузманова: История на архивите и организацията на архивното дело в България . СУ, Електронно издание, стр. 15 PDF; 1.74 MB ( Memento of the original from July 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- The Mraka certificate in the orthodox portal pravoslavie.bg (bulg.) PDF; 262 kB , February 1, 2010
- Анна Чолева-Димитрова: Селищни имена от Югозападна България. Изследване речник , електронни извадки.