Mu'ahid

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Mu'ahid ( Arabic معاهد, DMG Muʿāhid ) derived from Ahd (عهد / ʿAhd  / 'Agreement'), literally means "pact maker, ally" and denotes an unbeliever who lives on Islamic territory and recognizes the rule of the Islamic government or an infidel who lives outside the Islamic territory but becomes a state heard who signed a peace agreement with the Muslims. As Mu'ahidin in were medieval al-Andalus especially the Christians called, who submitted to Islamic rule.

According to classical Islamic law, however, a peace between Muslims and non-subjugated non-Muslims is not possible, only a truce called hudna, lasting a maximum of ten years.

literature

  • Robert Ignatius Burns, Paul Edward Chevedden: Negotiating Cultures: Bilingual Surrender Treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror . In: The Medieval Mediterranean . Volume 22, Brill, Leiden 1999, ISBN 90-04-11244-8 , pp. 204–207: "Christian Pact-Makers ( Mu'ahidun )"