Debris flows on Hazmburk
The debris flows on Hazmburk are a series of landslides on Hazmburk in Bohemia that occurred in 1882, 1898, 1900 and 1939. The mudslides of 1898 and 1900 caused great destruction in the village of Klapý .
history
At the end of the 19th century, a series of mountain slides began in the village of Klapý on the southwest slope of the Hasenburg.
After the rainy July 1882, earth movements occurred on August 3rd and 4th, 1882 on the slope below the White Tower of the Hasenburg, which was accompanied by a strong rumble. As the cause of the phenomenon, which attracted numerous onlookers, the geological conditions on the slope were identified by a layer of clay that softened during heavy rainfall.
After 15 years of inactivity, the first signs of further landslides were found in September 1897. Geological investigations then confirmed a landslide in the village of Klapý as an inevitable fate. On April 5, 1898, after heavy rainfall, the mayor Jan Hájek recognized that the upper houses of Klapý were threatened and demanded their evacuation, which the residents did not comply with. On the evening of April 6, 200 m above the village, a 120 to 150 m wide debris flow began, which left a 1 to 3 m deep channel and moved very slowly towards the village. Because of the vibrations, on Good Friday, April 8, 1898, the residents of houses No. 122, 156, 121, 115, 125 and 126 fled their homes around 3 a.m. The 10 m thick mudslide reached these houses at around 5 a.m. and brought them to collapse within two hours. After that, she moved through the village and threatened the church, rectory and school. After 55 hours, the earth's movement slowly came to a standstill. 27 houses were destroyed, another 20 were badly damaged. The school collapsed on Good Friday evening and the rectory had to be demolished.
As a result of the spring rain, a slight shift in the earth started again in May 1899 on the slope of the Hasenburg. After 605 m of drainage had been laid on the threatened slope by 1900 to drain the water, another risk of mudslides was regarded as averted in March 1900, even after renewed signs of slight ground movements.
The heavy rainfalls between April 7th and 9th 1900 caused the Hasenburg slope to become completely soaked. Again at Easter, on the morning of April 11, 1900, a deposit of basalt rocks on the loamy subsoil on the southern slope of the Hasenburg began to move over an area of 300 m × 500 m. The mudslide moved slowly towards the village with a loud rumble and pushed up to a height of nine meters. By Maundy Thursday, April 12, she destroyed 52 of the 190 houses in Klapý. Among them was the dance hall of the U Sajců inn , in which shortly before the handover celebrations for the newly built houses after the mudslide in 1898 had taken place. Another mudslide had loosened on the north-eastern flank of the mountain and threatened the stately Podhora farm.
The wet spring of 1939 and the heavy rainfalls in May and early June 1939 led to renewed ground movements on the southwest slope of the Hasenburg. On the afternoon of June 21, 1939, after a thunderstorm, a ground slide developed over an area of 5-6 hectares. The mud was moving towards the rectory towards the village. It initially destroyed the district road at the communal quarry over a distance of 250 m and poured into it on June 22nd. On the morning of June 22nd, another mudslide broke up above the parish garden in the direction of the village, destroyed four masts of the power line and threatened the rectory and the church. With the help of several hundred people and 20 wagons of gravel, which were actually intended for the construction of the road to Křesín , the Mute was dimmed and came to a standstill on June 23, 1939, without causing major damage to the village as in 1898 and 1900.
present
On the southwest and north slopes of Hazmburk, two mountain slides with a total area of 7.3 hectares are considered active today. The largest is located east of the village of Klapý and is 250 m long and 500 m wide. The other is on the desert Podhora estate. Another 40 hectares on Hazmburk are considered potential landslide areas.
Individual evidence
- ^ Disaster of 1882 on Klapý's website (Czech, accessed August 2012)
- ^ Disaster of 1898 on the Klapý website (Czech, accessed August 2012)
- ↑ Disaster of 1900 on Klapý's website (Czech, accessed August 2012)
- ↑ a b Disaster of 1939 on the Klapý website (Czech, accessed August 2012)