Rüdersdorf Museum Park
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The Museum Park Rüdersdorf is a large open-air industrial museum in Rüdersdorf near Berlin . It documents the extraction and processing of limestone from the Rüdersdorfer Kalkberg . Only a few places in the North German lowlands do limestone surface. The Rüdersdorfer Kalkberg is the largest limestone deposit in northern Germany. The Rüdersdorfer limestone, as work stone and as quick lime or processed into cement, was the most important building material for the metropolis of Berlin alongside the bricks from the Mark Brandenburg .
Museum facilities
exhibition
An exhibition hall provides comprehensive information about limestone deposits and use, the geology, mineralogy and fossil studies of Rüdersdorf and the history of limestone mining in Rüdersdorf.
Lime barn
The Kalkscheune, a former warehouse for burnt lime with foundation walls from 1665, has been converted into a museum restaurant. The top floor, which formerly housed the lime master's apartment, is used by the Rüdersdorfer registry office as a romantic marriage room.
Chamber and Rumford ovens
The chamber and Rumford ovens are located directly at the museum entrance ; the latter were used to produce quicklime until 1874. During the season, the furnace was also the living space of the unmarried workers who worked there. The living conditions of these workers can be felt here. A contemporary residential complex belongs to this complex.
Canal constructions
The quarries were connected to the Spree-Havel waterway network via several canal constructions. Tunnels created the connection to the quarries. One example is the preserved tunnel of the Bülow Canal , whose portal, based on the revolutionary architecture , was created by Johann Gottlieb Schlaetzer . The Heinitz Canal still exists as the predecessor of the Bülow Canal. Today it houses the club rooms of the Rüdersdorfer Bergbauverein. A third waterway into the quarries could be opened via the Rüdersdorfer Kalkgraben through the Redentunnel. This structure is currently still secured by means of introduced earth masses. The fourth variant was the Krien Canal, which connected the Alvenslebenbruch with the Mühlenfließ using the Langerhans Canal. In the open-cast mine, the canals were systematically tracked as the mining progressed, thereby shortening land transport. The waterways within the quarries lost their function from 1905, because the opencast mine was expanding below the level of surface water (approx. 33 m above sea level). The Bülow tunnel could be used by ships until at least the 1960s. Today, like most of the other buildings in the Rüdersdorf Museum Park, it is a listed building.
Pulley pillar
In 1872 the Heinitzbruch was connected to the tracks of the Eastern Railway. An inclined elevator was installed in the quarry, via which standard-gauge railway wagons and special works wagons were brought into the quarry and loaded up again. The winches were driven by a steam engine with an output of 130 HP. With the flooding of the Heinitzbruch in 1914, the operation of this plant ended. The pulley pillar of this elevator is still preserved. It offers the opportunity for a panoramic view of the quarry area.
Next to this building is the scaffolding of a follow-up system, a circulating cable car, built in the 1950s.
Shaft furnace system
The shaft furnace , which was used from 1874 to 1967 for the production of quicklime, is impressive . The kiln hall, also known as the cathedral of lime , is an exhibition object and event space. This part of the museum is also popular as a film set.
Originally the plant consisted of 18 kilns of the Rumford construction type, six of which are arranged in a row and twelve in double rows. The furnaces were charged and the quicklime was removed by rail. In the years between the two world wars, several modifications were made, which is reflected, for example, in the different heights of the chimneys. In addition, furnaces 5 and 15 were completely removed and replaced by shaft furnaces with mechanical lifts.
Increasing demand for building materials and the demolition of the "Hoffmann ring furnace" led to the construction of shaft furnace 19 in 1961, also equipped with mechanical loading and a mixing bunker for limestone and coke.
Crane park
An exhibition of cranes and construction machines is located in part of the museum grounds.
This area of the museum is mainly supervised by the “Förderverein Museumspark Baustoffindustrie Rüdersdorf eV” and the museum and support association “AG Kran- und Baumaschinenmuseum eV”, which was founded especially for this museum topic.
Museum zoo
The museum zoo houses farm animals from the region and a small petting zoo.
history
The limestone quarry
After 1230, larger areas on the Barnim between Rüdersdorf and Strausberg were assigned to the Cistercian monastery in Zinna . The monks encouraged immigration to this area and founded new villages. In Rüdersdorf there was a monastery courtyard that administered the order property on the Barnim.
Limestone mining began between 1220 and 1254. The foundations of the St. Petri and St. Nikolai churches in Berlin were built with Rüdersdorfer limestone . The year 1254 is given as a certain date for the start of mining in Rüdersdorf. This is the year of construction of the Dominican monastery in Strausberg, which was partly built with Rüdersdorfer limestone. In 1376 the limestone quarry is mentioned in the land register of Emperor Charles IV.
The limestone quarry was an important source of income for the Zinna monastery. In 1547 the monastery was closed and Rüdersdorf fell to the Margrave of Brandenburg.
The lime processing
In the early days, mainly stone was broken. It was not until the 17th century that the production of quicklime began next to the limestone quarry. Numerous lime kilns were built, but these are no longer visible today.
In 1776, two wood-fired replacement chamber stoves were built, which can be viewed today. A funnel furnace heated with hard coal followed in 1777 and operated continuously. This furnace failed and was soon shut down.
In 1802 a completely new type of furnace was created, the Rumford furnace as a temperature-controlled shaft furnace in which lime and coal were kept separate. Four Rumford ovens were built and operated by 1804, and a fifth oven followed in 1835. These ovens operated around the clock from spring to autumn. Each furnace delivered 9 t of quicklime per twelve-hour shift.
The expansion of Berlin into a metropolis began in the second half of the 19th century and the demand for quicklime increased rapidly. In 1871 the construction of a shaft furnace battery began, initially with five furnaces. In 1874 five more ovens followed and the Rumford ovens were shut down. In 1877 the shaft furnace system was complete with 18 furnaces.
The firing level in the hall is a particularly impressive structure in the museum park. This hall is called the Cathedral of Lime . This hall is used as a film set and event space for music events.
From 1905 the shaft furnace battery was supplemented by a ring furnace, which was in operation until 1959. This furnace plant was shut down in 1959 and later canceled. The central row was built at the ring furnace in 1936. This is now used as an exhibition space.
In 1959, a new fully mechanized shaft furnace No. 19 added to the facilities. The ring furnace was then shut down. The old shaft furnace battery and furnace 19 were in operation until 1967 and are now a core of the Rüdersdorf Museum Park. A new cement and lime works near Herzfelde replaced the old plant.
literature
- Peter Bachstein, Peter Homann: Kalkstein Tagebau Rüdersdorf , Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3-89702-530-2
- Rüdersdorfer Zement GmbH (ed.): 750 years of limestone mining in Rüdersdorf , Rüdersdorf 2004
- Hans-Joachim Streichan: The Muschelkalk von Rüdersdorf - Geological gem and source of raw materials at the gates of Berlin , in: Fundgrube 23 (1987) 4, pp. 117-122
Web links
- Homepage of the Museum Park Rüdersdorf
- Photo documentation: Demolition of the cement works
- Homepage of the crane and construction machine museum and the museum and support association of historical construction machines, the "AG Kran- und Baumaschinenmuseum eV"
Coordinates: 52 ° 28 ′ 35 " N , 13 ° 46 ′ 49" E