Muslim Brotherhood (Syria)

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Emblem of the Muslim Brotherhood

The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria ( Arabic الإخوان المسلمون في سوريا al-Ichwan al-Muslimun fi Suriya , French Frères musulmans à la Syrie ) are the Syrian branch of the Sunni - Islamist Muslim Brotherhood . The current leader of the Brotherhood is Mohammad Riad al-Sahqeh , his long-time predecessor was Ali Sadreddin al-Bajanuni .

The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria are members of the Syrian National Council . They cooperate with other opposition groups and also with secular critics of the regime under Bashar al-Assad , such as the dissident Abd al-Halim Haddam . The group rejects jihad as a means of achieving its goals.

history

During the French mandate , the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood around Mustafa as-Siba'i founded the Muslim Brotherhood in the Syrian Republic in 1937 . After Syria's independence, the Brotherhood was initially an opposition party and won 10 seats (5.8%) in the last free parliamentary election in 1961 . After the 1963 coup by members of the secular and pan-Arab Ba'ath Party , the brotherhood was banned.

As a result, the Muslim Brotherhood played a major role in the resistance that opposed the Ba'ath Party regime . This conflict developed into an armed struggle against the secular government. After the Hama massacre in 1982, however, the activities of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria came to an almost complete standstill.

After a failed attempt on Hafiz al-Assad , which led to a massacre of captured Muslim Brotherhoods in Palmyra prison , Syria is punishable by the death penalty for membership as well as support for the Muslim Brotherhood. As a rule, however, this is converted into a 12-year prison sentence. Even so , until the Syrian Civil War , the headquarters of the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas , was in Damascus , where it also received support from the Syrian government.

In a manifesto published in April 2012, the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood committed itself to a democratic multi-party system , a new constitution drawn up by consensus, and the adequate representation of all ethnic and religious groups.

literature

  • Olivier Carré and Gérard Michaud: Les Frères musulmans - Egypte et Syrie (1928–1982) . Gallimard, Paris 1983

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Muslim Brotherhood . On: Verassungsschutz.niedersachsen.de
  2. ^ The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria . On: carnegie-mec.org
  3. ^ Robert S. Leiken, Steve Brook: The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood . In: Foreign Affairs , 2007 No. 2, pp. 107–121
  4. ^ Robert S. Leiken, Steve Brook: The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood . In: Foreign Affairs , 2007 No. 2, p. 108
  5. ^ Robin Wright: Dreams and Shadows - The Future of the Middle East . Penguin Press, 2008, p. 241
  6. ^ Robin Wright: Dreams and Shadows - The Future of the Middle East . Penguin Press, 2008, p. 248
  7. ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis: Syria's Muslim Brotherhood rise from the ashes . On: reuters.com on May 6, 2012
  8. ^ Syria Muslim Brotherhood Issues Post-Assad State-for-All Commitment Charter . On: ikhwanweb.com on April 7, 2012