Mustaʿlīten

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The Mustaʿlīten ( Arabic مستعلي Mustaʿlī ) are Ismaili Muslims whose name comes from the fact that they consider the Fatimid ruler al-Musta'li to be the nineteenth imam or the ninth caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir . In contrast, the Nizāriyya Muslims - now under the leadership of the Aga Khan - believe that Musta'lī's older brother, Nizār , is the rightful nineteenth imam.

Groups of Bohras (Musta'lites)

This division of the Ismailis in Egypt into factions of the Nizarites and the Musta'lites occurred in 1094.

After the death of the 8th Fatimid caliph Mustansir (d. 1094), the succession was controversial. The regent al-Afdal Shahan Shah put Mustansir's younger son al-Mustali on the throne as the 9th caliph. The older son Nizar resisted, but was defeated and died in prison. This dispute led to the split into the two branches of the Musta'lites and the Nizarites , which still exist today.

The Musta'lites are also called Tayyibites or Ṭayyibī ( Arabic طيبي) named after the last of them recognized (twenty-first) Imam, Abu l-Qasim at-Tayyib , the son of al-Amir (1096–1130), the 20th Imam. Originally a distinction was made between the Tayyibites ( al-Ṭayyibiyya ) and the Hafizites ( al-Ḥāfiziyya ), who recognized al-Hafiz , the Fatimid ruler of Egypt between 1130 and 1169 as a legitimate imām, and not Tayyib Abi l-Qasim. The Hafizites lost all support after the fall of the Fatimid dynasty; today's Musta'liyya are all Tayyibites .

The majority of the Musta'lites believed that at-Tayyib had disappeared, but that he was in a concealment like the Mahdi , as the Ismailis originally believed of Muhammad ibn Ismail .

The largest Musta'lite group is that of the Bohras , of which the group of Dawudi Bohras, which can be found especially in India , is the largest.

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See also

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ The Hafizi branch of the Fatimid dynasty ruled Egypt until the death of al-ʿĀdid (1171).
  2. ↑ According to Rudolf Fischer, scant remnants of the Tayyibites persecuted by the Sunni reaction are still in northern Yemen today . (Rudolf Fischer: Der Islam. Faith and social system in the course of the times. An introduction. Edition Piscator (1992), p. 55, online excerpt ). - For distribution, cf. Markus Wachowski: Rational Shiites: Ismaili World Views after a postcolonial reading of Max Weber's concept of rationalism , p. 238 ( online excerpt )
  3. ^ Daniel McLaughlin: Yemen . 2007, p. 25 ( online excerpt ) - half jokingly, this author describes the group of Musta'lites (Hafizites) as "Nineteeners" (which in German would correspond to the term 'Neunzehnerschiiten') and the Tayyibites as "Twenty Oners "('Twenty-one Shiites '), analogous to twelve Shiites .
Mustaʿlīten (alternative names of the lemma)
Mustalids; Mustaʿlians; Mustalis; Musta'liyyah Shias; Musta'līten; Musta'lī; Musta'liiten; Mustaliites